Factory Acceptance Test (FAT Test) and its Uses !!

 The Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) is a process that evaluates the equipment during and after the assembly process by verifying that it is built and operating in accordance with design specifications. FAT ensures that the components and controls are working properly according to the functionality of the equipment itself. As the name suggests, this testing is performed at the factory.

FAT is typically conducted in order to assess any discrepancies and non-conformities, as well as develop a process for how they are to be handled. Deviations or abnormalities observed during testing are documented in a problem report and corrected prior to shipment.
The FAT is a customized testing procedure for different types of systems and the tests are executed before the final installation at the plant. The FAT is not a requirement but recommended to be carried out, according to the standard IEC 61511, if the application software of the logic solver is fairly complex or if the architecture of the safety instrumented system is using redundant arrangements.
FAT must be conducted in a thorough and forthright manner. A poor or rushed FAT can lead to missed non conformities, which can only then be corrected after the equipment is installed—which in turn can wreak havoc on a project schedule.

Why is Factory Acceptance Testing Required?

FATs are beneficial not just for the buyer and end users but for the manufacturer as well.  Both parties can be assured that the equipment meets all the contractual specifications and any issues can be addressed before arriving at the customer’s site.  Rectifying issues while the system is still in the possession of the manufacturer helps to keep the project on track and within budget.    FATs almost always save time and money over fixing issues in the field.
Our broad factory acceptance test is the most lucrative way to ensure that your equipment or plant operates correctly. As a highly qualified, independent third-party, we have the trusted skills and resources to perform steadfast testing. Alternatively, we can witness appropriate testing on your behalf. In many cases it is difficult to predict the correct operation of the safety instrumented system or consequences due to failures in some parts of the safety instrumented system. For that reason the FAT is a valuable check of the safety issues.
The safety of your employees is always a top concern so the quality assurance gives you the peace of mind that all components of your system are functioning the way they should, and within the full range of operating specifications.

Factory Acceptance Test Helps You to:

• Achieve independent proof of functionality, quality and integrity with our comprehensive checking process
• Verify all important documents, such as manuals, instructions, plans, drawings, piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs)
• Ensure that your equipment or plant performs as expected under the testable range of likely conditions, including mishandling and error

What are the Process in Factory Acceptance Testing?

The main objective of the FAT is to test the safety instrumented system (logic solver and associated software together). The tests are normally executed during the final part of the design and engineering phase before the final installation at the plant. The FAT is a customized procedure of checking the safety instrumented system and the safety instrumented functions according to the safety requirements specification.

The FAT includes appropriate general testing procedures for verification of the correct operation of the safety instrumented system. Since the testing activities are general methods the FAT is applicable to programmable or non-programmable safety instrumented systems. The most important part of the FAT addresses specification of the test cases i.e. clear description of the test cases, well-structured test procedures and relevant test cases.

It’s important to note here that there are varying levels of an FAT.  They can be performed at a very basic level, such as setting up the main pieces of the system with temporary wiring and making sure everything moves as it is supposed to, or a more complete FAT can be conducted where the manufacturer physically builds the whole system in their shop to test it fully.  In the latter example, the system is then taken apart, moved to the customer’s site, and put back together again.

The FAT is normally performed at the manufacturer work shop. The manufacturer checks that the safety instrumented system works as intended and according to the requirements stated in the safety system works as intended and according to the requirements the safety requirements specification, NRN. During the FAT the manufacturer checks:

• The used equipment are mending to the specification eg, compatible HW and SW versions
• The used equipment are installed according to manufacturer’s specification
• The input and the outputs are connected according to the drawings
• The calibration of the equipment are correct
• The trip points operate according to the requirements in the SRS.
• The associated software operate according to the requirements in the SRS the outputs and their actions behave according to the SRS
• The reset functions operate according to the SRS
• The alarms operate according to the SRS
• The operator functions operate according to the SRS
• The bypass functions operate according to the SRS
• The manual shutdown functions operate according to the SRS
• The diagnostic alarm functions operate according to the SRS

The outputs from the safety instrumented function are examined during different test cases e.g. simulation of inputs in order to verity that the safety instrumented functions meet the requirements in the safety requirements specification.
The FAT reveals weaknesses in the design and engineering phase or in the safety requirement specification phase these phases have to be modified according to the result of the FAT. In order to check the modifications the safety instrumented system has to be re- tested.

Following are the points to remember while conducting FAT

Provide a detailed test plan. 
The FAT is the time to discover failures or issues, determine reliability, verify efficiencies, and explore how the machine should handle failures. The test plan should be prepared up front and submitted to the supplier as part of the Request for Quote (RFQ). The machine will not perform as expected if the criteria aren’t specified; neither will performance be competently assessed. Clearly state in the contract all the responsibilities, accountabilities, and deliverables, in a measurable way. These must be quantifiable and agreed upon to eliminate finger-pointing. Doing so makes it easier for all parties by eliminating second-guessing. Specify how long the machine should be dry-cycled; 24 hours minimum is recommended. Specify how many packages should be produced and at what speed. Specify disposal plans for finished packages. Although you’ll pay for the FAT, most equipment suppliers will agree to a provision that if the machine fails, any subsequent test is free. Having a detailed test plan will help ensure that you don’t short-change the FAT. Performing a brief, shallow FAT will inevitably show up as a problem in the third shift, nine months down the road.

Push the envelope, but use the right materials as well. 
In the FAT, use the materials that will be put in operation during actual production. Not using them may compromise test validity. You can stretch the system with noncompliant materials and processes to better understand operational flexibility (wildcard testing), but the most important results will be those gleaned from using the materials you actually employ in your process.

Engage the operators and technicians.
Focus on the personnel who will ultimately be responsible for running the machines, those who “own the line.” Sending engineers isn’t sufficient; the operators will see what makes the most sense on the line. The people who will run the equipment daily are uniquely qualified to make observations beyond the specifications and recognize issues or flaws prior to delivery. Additionally, the ownership aspect is invaluable, as the best technology going into a plant is not going to work if the operators are not comfortable with it, or have no faith in it. Engaging the production team early in the process is one of the most important aspects of new equipment design.
Be smart about training.
If training is provided as part of the FAT, make sure the people being trained are those who will run the line, not the engineers. Train and educate the right people.

Create and follow a detailed “failure script.” 
Make an inventory of the type of failures that you’ve experienced or might experience in production, as well as expected outcomes. Use this checklist to fully assess machine performance during the FAT. Machines have a natural backup curve that is all about early failures. Running, even dry running, is very critical; you can find leakage, electronic failures, and more, and then make sensible engineering changes. You can’t reap the benefits of testing if you don’t do the testing. Changes made at the FAT stage are the least-expensive ones; many times you don’t even pay for them.

Test parts replacement and changeover procedures. 
Test how long it takes to replace the most common wear parts. Determine how to remove a defective part and document the process in an easy-to-use format such as a One Point Lesson (OPL). Using your technicians and operators at the FAT, practice changeovers, and start-up and shut-down protocols. See where the users encounter difficulty and elicit their input and ideas. Leverage the opportunity to modify the equipment, standardize the procedures, and document in an OPL format with numerous pictures.

Check safety with a keen eye. 
Complete a review of the equipment from a safety perspective. Look for poorly guarded areas and pinch points. Run your hands across the machine (carefully), looking for sharp edges and burrs. Test to ensure all limit switches and emergency stops are fully functional, robust, and appropriately placed. Test for flaws in all built in safety components. Are there any safety options missing? Is making the machine LOTO (Lockout/Tagout) easy, or are there unexpected sources of energy that could cause injury? (Lockout/Tagout refers to the act of disabling all sources of energy such as electricity and compressed air while physically locking down the machine so that it doesn’t cause injury due to movement while the machine is being worked on.)

Take your time. 
Take your time on the FAT, especially with highly customized machines. Why would you take a million-dollar project and squeeze the FAT into a six-hour window? Don’t worry about relatively small expenses. Some testing will be more challenging than others. For example, high-speed testing can be difficult due to the sheer volume of product needed for the test. Never trade away adequate factory testing to meet a shipping deadline. You will ultimately pay the price for this in longer start-ups and lost productivity at the factory.

Get a good integrator. 
This is key. Tie into other equipment suppliers; test everything together. Sometimes it’s worth the money to run everything together on the integrator’s floor. It costs money, but saves it in the long run. Get as much of the peripheral equipment together on the same floor at the same time as soon as you can. Test as much as you can. You can never over-test equipment reliability and range of operation.

Work with your supplier, and your supplier will work with you. 
A successful FAT is in both parties’ interest. Not all (or many) machinery suppliers have factories set up to perform a well-rounded FAT for customers. Some will build or mock up complete systems, but duplicating a customer’s process can be very difficult and expensive. Suppliers may be able to prove to the end user that their machine can perform in the manner desired during pre-sales (or pre-PO) product-testing procedures. Once customers are satisfied that equipment can do what they want it to do, POs are issued. Increasingly, customers are simply looking for a video testimonial that the machine actually runs before it leaves the supplier’s facility, in lieu of a FAT. That being said, savvy customers will continue to demand FATs and training in a supplier’s facility before the machine ships. Some suppliers are expanding their facilities to include more FAT handling, in a private, secure environment, where strict confidentiality of all technologies is assured.

Know the difference between a Factory and Site Acceptance Test. 
One of the biggest areas of confusion surrounding the FAT is over whether it should simulate how the machine responds under actual factory conditions. In fact, that is the purpose of the Site Acceptance Test (SAT). In the machinery builder’s plant, it may be difficult or even impossible to simulate both the production volume and the conditions of your product, especially for more than a few minutes. This is especially true if the product will be packed at a certain temperature, or has a certain consistency or rate of speed coming out of production. Much time, energy, and money has been spent in vain trying to address “failures” in the machine builder’s plant, only to find that the machine works perfectly once in production at the customer’s plant.
The purpose of the FAT is to verify the desired functionality of the machine. On acceptance of a FAT, you’ll be looking for items such as:

Completed FAT protocol.

• Maintenance and users’ manuals
• Easy-to-use training materials (OPLs, videos, etc.)
• Standard work procedures
• Standard maintenance procedures
• Recommended spare parts lists
• Certificates of compliance
• As-built technical drawings (electrical, mechanical, pneumatic, and process schemes)
• Materials certificates and data sheets
• Main equipment data sheets
• Instruments calibration certificates
• Welding processes qualifications

How to get an Effective Result from Factory Acceptance Testing?

Preparation is key to getting the most out of a FAT. Here are a few of the tips you can use to set your stretch wrapper FAT up to deliver the greatest benefit.

1. Use the right materials. In the FAT, use the materials that will be put in operation during actual production. Not using them may compromise test validity. With stretch wrappers, specifically, providing the film that will be used in production is also a key component as the gauge & quality of the film has a significant impact on how the machine is set up and its overall performance.
2. Engage the operators and technicians. Focus on the personnel who will ultimately be responsible for running the machines, those who “own the line.” Sending engineers isn’t sufficient; the operators will see what makes the most sense on the line.
3. Be smart about training. If training is provided as part of the FAT, make sure the people being trained are those who will run the line, not the engineers. Train and educate the right people.
4. Create and follow a detailed “failure script.” Make an inventory of the type of failures you might experience in production, as well as expected outcomes. Use this checklist to fully assess machine performance during the FAT.
5. Check safety with a keen eye. Complete a review of the equipment from a safety perspective. Look for poorly guarded areas and pinch points.

How to Conduct Factory Acceptance Testing?

There are several components that make up FAT. The product must be assembled, prepared, and connected to utilities for testing. Documentation such as drawings, ASME certificates, and test procedures must be gathered. And finally, testing must be conducted in the factory that follows specific test procedures.
Before the FAT begins, the manufacturer should present the FAT procedure to the client for review and approval. The procedure should include testing of as much functionality as is practical in the factory and, where possible, should show pass/fail criteria or desired results for each item tested. Once the procedure is approved, the manufacturer should test the equipment before the FAT begins. Keep in mind that some clients like to visit the factory during FAT, so this “pre-test” will confirm that the sterilizer is set up with the correct options, ensure a smoother FAT process and minimize down-time during the FAT.

Step 1: Process done before FAT (Pre-FAT):

A pre-planning is necessary for an efficient FAT. The planning presents a set op of the appropriate tests to be carried out and who is responsible for developing the test cases. Appropriate levels of competence and independence of assessors are required. The realization of tests shall be described as well as the personnel responsible to carry out the test. The test protocol is developed during the planning and furthermore who is responsible to attest the test protocol.
The procedures to carry out the FAT shall be well defined and documented in a proper way. Each test procedure shall be described in a logical sequence i.e. How to test the application software and hardware. The needed competence for involved test personnel is described during the planning. It is recommended that personnel with experience suitable for the intended process application and safety instrumented system deals with the FAT planning.

• The testing included in a FAT procedure should be largely derived from the performance criteria defined in the Functional Requirements Document (FRD), which is created by the project team early in the project planning process.  The FRD should be the focal point for discussions when interviewing potential system integrators and should be included in the contract/purchase order package.  These requirements should, therefore, be well known and understood well before time to develop the actual FAT protocol.
• The system integrator/dealer should prepare and submit a FAT procedure well in advance of the FAT. This procedure should be reviewed and approved by the system owner/project manager. It should attempt to include testing of as much functionality as is practical in the factory, and check of all interfaces among equipment and systems. Where possible the procedure should show pass/fail criteria or desired results for each item.
• The dealer should also provide a schedule for the FAT showing all timing and sequence of testing.
• Prior to FAT all design approvals should be complete. This is to remove technical ambiguity from the FAT and prevent disputes over work that continues after FAT.
• The dealer should prepare a test facility that can be effectively used to conduct the FAT testing, including calibrated test equipment and any special test equipment.
• The dealer should compile a document set that can support the testing and serve as a reference for the test results, including:
  • Contract specifications and copies of all references called out in the specification.
  • All drawings for the project, including drawings received from other vendors that describe interfaces.
  • Detailed testing check list, including pass/fail criteria.
• The dealer is to pretest the system before FAT.  Failure to do this can result in wasted time during FAT, and potentially a prolonged extension of FAT while fixes are effected.
• If the system in question is large enough to impact the system owner’s facilities, laboratory layout or utilities or if there are any questions regarding moving the system into the owner’s facility, it is highly recommended that a person responsible for the owner’s physical plant/facility be invited to attend FAT.

Step 2: Process done during FAT

• Review the specification line by line while checking the equipment or drawings for compliance with the specification, including any change orders.
• Inspect for workmanship
  Inspect for problems that can occur during installation or use of the equipment, for example, lifting points and safe access to components for maintenance, etc.
• Test of the equipment per the dealer’s approved procedure; these should include functionality testing and regulatory testing. Ad hoc testing may be required to define any major non-conformities revealed by testing.
• Note the software and firmware versions in the equipment being tested.

Factory Acceptance Test Result

All the test cases of the FAT shall be explained in the documentation and furthermore if the objectives and criteria of the tests have been met or not. Exposed failures during the test are documented and the causes for the failures are also documented supported by essential actions to correct the failures. If there are modifications of the safety instrumented system it is necessary to carry out a safety analysis in order to determine if the safety is affected and if re-testing is necessary.

Step 3: Processes done after Factory Acceptance Testing

• Check of documentation
• Confirm vendor’s/dealer’s schedule for completing all documentation.

Benefits of  Factory Acceptance Testing

• Customers can “touch and feel” the equipment while it is in operational mode before it ships.
• The manufacturer can provide some initial hands on training to the customer, giving operating personnel more confidence when running the machinery for the first time in real-world settings.
• Key project people from both sides are together, making it an ideal time to review the bill of materials, discuss required and recommended spare parts (for start-up and first year of operation) and review maintenance procedures and equipment limitations.
• The thorough FAT documentation can be used as a template for the Installation Qualification portion of the validated process/installation.
• Based on the results of the FAT, both parties can create a punch list of additional items that need to be addressed prior to shipment.

 

The factory acceptance test (FAT) refers to the functional test that is performed by the vendor upon completion of the manufacturing process to prove the equipment has the same specification and functionality that indicated in the data

sheet, specification and purchase order. 

The test typically is witnessed by the third-party inspector and customer representative (purchaser). The term of “factory acceptance test” are used by vendors rather than customers and is implied for electrical, rotating and skid mounted units. We never use this term for fixed equipment such as pressure vessels, heat exchangers, etc. 

Factory Acceptance Test in Pump

Normally pump performance tests, net positive suction head tests (NPSH tests) and mechanical running test are done in one visit and can be categorized as a FAT test. Obviously, the pump casing inspection, impeller, and rotor dynamic balancing test are done before FAT Test.

FAT Test in Compressor

Similarly, the compressor performance test and mechanical running test are done on the same day and can be considered as a FAT test. Obviously, casing inspection,  impeller and rotor "high-speed test" and dynamic balancing test are done prior to the FAT test. 

FAT  Test in Gas or Steam Turbine

Similarly, the turbine performance and mechanical running test can be considered as the turbine FAT test. 

FAT Test in Induction Motor

The routine test, winding resistance test, locked rotor test, temperature rise test, load test, etc. can be considered as induction motor FAT test.

Several inspection visits are performed before reaching to the FAT test and generally, 1 more visit is conducted after the FAT test for the Final inspection. In the final inspection, the equipment is subjected to dimensional inspection, visual inspection (coating included), and document review. 

For document review, the third-party inspector shall check the "inspection and test plan" against the final book. Any item that being marked "review" at the ITP should have an inspection report or test report on the "final book."  

The manufacturer provides FAT test procedure to the customer for approval. The inspector shall review the procedures and make sure the FAT test is done based on the approved version of the test procedure. 

The manufacturer provides FAT test report upon completion of the test. It is the inspector responsibility to review the test report and match the measured value against the acceptance criteria indicated in the approved procedure or datasheet. 

உடலில் கெட்ட கொழுப்பு(LDL) மற்றும் சிறுநீர் கற்களைக் கரைக்கும் வெங்காயம் !!

ஆன்டிவைரல், ஆன்டி கார்சினோஜெனிக், ஆன்டிபாக்டீரியல், ஆன்டிஆக்ஸிடன்ட் போன்றவை இதில் இருப்பதால், பாக்டீரியல் கிருமிகள், வைரஸ் தொற்று, புற்றுநோய் செல்கள் போன்றவற்றை எதிர்த்து, வரவிடாமல் செய்யும்.பூச்சிக் கடிகளுக்கு மருந்தாகிறது. உடலில் உள்ள இன்சுலினைச் சரியாக வேலை செய்யவைக்கும். உடலில் கெட்ட கொழுப்பை(LDL) நீக்கும், இதிலிருக்கும் நைட்ரிக் அமிலம், ரத்தக் குழாய்களுக்கு நல்லது.



வெங்காயத்தின் காரத்தன்மைக்குக் காரணம்... அதில் உள்ள 'அலைல் புரோப்பைல் டை சல்பைடு' என்ற எண்ணெய். இதுவே வெங்காயத்தின் நெடிக்கும், நமது கண்களில் கண்ணீர் வருவதற்கும் காரணமாக அமைகிறது. வெங்காயத்தில் புரதச்சத்துக்கள், தாது உப்புக்கள், வைட்டமின்கள் ஆகியவை உள்ளன. அதன் பலன்களை இங்கே பார்ப்போம்!! மற்றும்




1,முருங்கைக்காயைவிட அதிக பாலுணர்வு தரக்கூடியது வெங்காயம்தான். தினமும் வெங்காயத்தை மட்டும் சாப்பிட்டு நீண்ட காலம் ஆரோக்கியமாகவும், பாலுறவுத் திறத்தோடும் வாழ்ந்ததாக ஒரு நபர் கின்னஸில் இடம் பிடித்திருக்கிறார்.




2,வெங்காயம் ஒரு நல்ல மருந்துப் பொருள். இதை இதயத்தின் தோழன் என்றும் சொல்லலாம். இதிலுள்ள கூட்டுப் பொருட்கள் ரத்தத்தில் கொழுப்பு சேர்வதை இயல்பாகவே கரைத்து, உடலெங்கும் ரத்தத்தை கொழுப்பு இல்லாமல் ஓட வைக்க உதவி செய்கிறது.




3,குளவியோ, தேனீயோ கொட்டிவிட்டால் பயப்பட வேண்டாம். அவை கடித்த இடத்தில் வெங்காயத்தை எடுத்துத் தேய்த்தாலே போதும். வெங்காயத்தில் உள்ள ஒரு வகை என்சைம், கொட்டியதால் ஏற்படும் உடலில் வலியையும், அழற்சியையும் உண்டாக்குகின்ற ப்ராஸ்டாகிளாண்டின்ஸ் என்ற கூட்டுப் பொருளை சிதைத்து விடுகிறது. விஷத்தையும் முறித்து விடுகிறது.




4,சிறுநீர் அடக்கிவைக்கும் பழக்கம் ஆண்களைவிட பெண்களிடம் அதிகம் உண்டு. அவ்வாறு சிறுநீரை அடக்குவதால் அதில் நுண்ணுயிரிகளின் உற்பத்தி அதிகமாகி, நோய் உண்டாகும் வாய்ப்பு அதிகரிக்கும். இந்த பழக்கத்தை தொடர்பவர்களுக்கு சிறுநீர்த்தாரைத் தொற்று வரும். இவர்கள், வெங்காயத்தை உணவில் அதிகமாகச் சேர்த்துக்கொண்டால் போதும். வெங்காயம் கழிவுப் பொருட்களை கரைத்து, அழற்சியைக் குறைத்து கழிவுகளை வெளியே தள்ளிவிடும். இதனால் சிறுநீர்த் தாரைத் தொற்றும் குறையும்.




5,யூரிக் அமிலம் அதிகமாக சிறுநீர்ப் பையில் சேர்ந்தால் கற்கள் தோன்றும். வெங்காயத்தை அடிக்கடி சாப்பிட்டால் அந்த கற்கள் கரைந்துவிடும்.




6,முதுமையில் வரும் மூட்டு அழற்சியை கட்டுப்படுத்தும் ஆற்றல் வெங்காயத்திற்கு உண்டு. இதற்கு வெங்காயத்தையும், கடுகு எண்ணெயையும் சேர்த்து மூட்டு வலி உள்ள இடத்தில் தடவினால் போதும். வலி குறைந்துவிடும்.




7,செலனியச் சத்து இருப்பவர்களுக்குத்தான் கவலை, மன இறுக்கம், களைப்பு போன்ற பிரச்சினை தோன்றும். இதைத் தவிர்க்க சுலபமான வழி வெங்காயத்தில் இருக்கிறது. வெங்காயத்தை தொடர்ந்து உணவில் எடுத்து வந்தாலே போதும். தேவையான செலினியச்சத்து கிடைத்துவிடும். வெங்காயம் தவிர, பூண்டையும் இதற்காக பயன்படுத்தலாம்.




8,சீதோஷ்ண நிலை மாறும்போது அடிக்கடி இருமல் வரும். நுரையீரல் அழற்சி, மூக்கு எரிச்சல் போன்றவையும் ஏற்படும். சிறிது வெங்காயச் சாற்றில் தேன் கலந்து சாப்பிட்டால் மேற்கண்ட பிரச்சினைகள் நீங்கும்.




9,புற்றுநோயைத் தடுக்கும் மருந்துப்பொருள் வெங்காயத்தில் இருப்பதாக சமீபத்திய ஆராய்ச்சியில் கண்டுபிடிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. புகைபிடித்தல், காற்று மாசுபடுதல், மன இறுக்கம் போன்றவற்றால் ஏற்படும் செல் இறப்புகள், செல் சிதைவுகளை இது சரிசெய்து விடுகிறது.




10,நாலைந்து வெங்காயத்தை தோலை உரித்து அதோடு சிறிது வெல்லத்தைச் சேர்த்து அரைத்து சாப்பிட பித்தம் குறையும், பித்த ஏப்பம் மறையும்.



11, வெங்காயத்தை வதக்கிச் சாப்பிட உஷ்ணத்தால் ஏற்படும் ஆசனக் கடுப்பு நீங்கும்




12,வெங்காயச் சாறு சில வயிற்றுக் கோளாறுகளை நீக்கும். இதை மோரில் கலந்து குடிக்க இருமல் குறையும்.




13, வெங்காயச் சாற்றையும், வெந்நீரையும் கலந்து வாய் கொப்பளித்து, வெறும் வெங்காயச் சாறை பஞ்சில் நனைத்து பல் ஈறுகளில் தடவிவர பல்வலி, ஈறுவலி குறையும்.




14,அடிக்கடி புகைப்பிடிப்பவர்கள் வெங்காயச் சாற்றை நாள் ஒன்றுக்கு அரை அவுன்ஸ் வீதம் மூன்றுவேளை சாப்பிட்டு வர நுரையீரல் சுத்தமாகும்.

மேலும் வெங்காயத்தில் நாட்டு வெங்காயம் சாம்பார் வெங்காயம்தான் ருசியானது. உடம்புக்கும் நல்லது. பொதெபொதெவென்று ஊறியதை வாங்கக் கூடாது. வெங்காயத்தின நடுவில் சோளத்தட்டு போல இருந்தால் வாங்கக் கூடாது. வெங்காயத்தின் நுனிப் பாகத்தை அழுத்தினால் கெட்டியாக இருக்க வேண்டும். நுனி மெத்தென்று இருந்தால் அழுகத் தொடங்கிவிட்டது என்று அர்த்தம்.

தொகுப்பு : அ.தையுபா அஜ்மல்.

மழையால்பாதிக்கப்பட்டால் பொது மக்கள் தங்களது பிரச்சினைகளை கூறஉங்கள் தாலுக்காவின் வட்டாட்சியர் (தாசில்தார் ) செல் எண்கள்!!

 மழையால்பாதிக்கப்பட்டால் பொது மக்கள் தங்களது பிரச்சினைகளை கூற

உங்கள் தாலுக்காவின் வட்டாட்சியர் (தாசில்தார் ) செல் எண்கள்,,,

1 Fort-Tondiarpet 94450 00484

2 Purasawakkam-Perambur 94450 00485

3 Egmore-Nungambakkam94450 00486

4 Mylapore-Triplicane 94450 00487

5 Mambalam-Guindy 94450 00488

2 திருவள்ளூர் மாவட்டம்

6 Ambattur 94450 00489

7 Ponneri 94450 00490

8 Gummudipoondi 94450 00491

9 Thiruthani 94450 00492

10 Pallipattu 94450 00493

11 Thiruvallur 94450 00494

12 Uthukottai 94450 00495

13 Poonamallee 94450 00496

3 காஞ்சிபுரம் மாவட்டம் Kancheepuram

14 Kancheepuram 94450 00497

15 Uthiramerur 94450 00498

16 Sriperumbudur 94450 00499

17 Chengalpattu 94450 00500

18 Thirkkalukunram 94450 00501

19 Tambaram 94450 00502

20 Madurantakam 94450 00503

21 Cheyyur 94450 00504

4 வேலூர் மாவட்டம் Vellore

22 Arcot 94450 00505

23 Valaja 94450 00506

24 Arakkonam 94450 00507

25 Vellore 94450 00508

26 Gudiyatham 94450 00509

27 Katpadi 94450 00510

28 Tirupathur 94450 00511

29 Vaniyampadi 94450 00512

5 திருவண்ணாமலை மாவட்டம்

Thiruvannamalai

30 Cheyyar 94450 00513

31 Vandavasi 94450 00514

32 Arni 94450 00515

33 Thiruvannamalai 94450 00516

34 Polur 94450 00517

35 Chengam 94450 00518

6 விழுப்புரம் மாவட்டம் Villupuram

36 Kallakurichi 94450 00519

37 Sankarapuram 94450 00520

38 Thirukkoilur 94450 00521

39 Ulundurpettai 94450 00522

40 Thindivanam 94450 00523

41 Chengee 94450 00524

42 Villupuram 94450 00525

43 Vanur 94450 00526

7 கடலூர் மாவட்டம் Cuddalore

44 Chidambaram 94450 00527

45 Kattumannarkoil 94450 00528

46 Cuddalore 94450 00529

47 Panruti 94450 00530

48 Virudhachalam 94450 00531

49 Tittakudi 94450 00532

8 தருமபுரி மாவட்டம் Dharmapuri

50 Dharmapuri 94450 00533

51 Harur 94450 00534

52 Pappireddipatti 94450 00535

53 Pennagaram 94450 00536

54 Palacode 94450 00537

9 கிருஷ்னகிரி மாவட்டம் Krishnagiri

202 Krishnagiri 94450 00538

203 Uthangarai 94450 00539

204 Pochampalli 94450 00540

205 Hosur 94450 00541

206 Denkanikottai 94450 00542

10 நாமக்கல் மாவட்டம் Namakkal

64 Namakkal 94450 00543

65 Rasipuram 94450 00544

66 Thiruchengode 94450 00545

67 Paramathi-Velur 94450 00546

11 சேலம் மாவட்டம் Salem

55 Salem 94450 00547

56 Yercaud 94450 00548

57 Valaappadi 94450 00549

58 Attur 94450 00550

59 Gangavalli 94450 00551

60 Mettur 94450 00552

61 Omalur 94450 00553

62 Sankari 94450 00554

63 Edappadi 94450 00556

12 நீலகிரி மாவட்டம் The Nilgiris

84 Gudalur 94450 00557

85 Pandalur 94450 00558

86 Uthagamandalam 94450 00559

87 Kuntha 94450 00560

88 Kothagiri 94450 00561

89 Coonoor 94450 00562

13 ஈரோடு மாவட்டம் Erode

77 Erode 94450 00563

78 Perundurai 94450 00564

79 Dharapuram 94450 00565

80 Kangeyam 94450 00566

81 Bhavani 94450 00567

82 Gobichettiapalayam 94450 00568

83 Sathyamangalam 94450 00569

14 கோவை மாவட்டம் Coimbatore

68 Coimbatore(South) 94450 00570

69 Coimbatore(North) 94450 00571

70 Mettupalayam 94450 00572

71 Palladam 94450 00573

72 Thirupur 94450 00574

73 Avinashi 94450 00575

74 Pollachi 94450 00576

75 Valparai 94450 00577

76 Udumalaipettai 94450 00578

15 திண்டுக்கல் மாவட்டம் Dindigul

90 Dindigul 94450 00579

91 Natham 94450 00580

92 Nilakottai 94450 00581

93 Palani 94450 00582

94 Oddanchatram 94450 00583

95 Vedasedur 94450 00584

96 Kodaikanal 94450 00585

16 Madurai

102 Madurai(North) 94450 00586

103 Madurai(South) 94450 00587

104 Melur 94450 00588

105 Vadipatti 94450 00589

106 Usilampatti 94450 00590

107 Thirumangalam 94450 00591

108 Peraiyur 94450 00592

17 *தேனி மாவட்டம்Theni*

97 Periakulam 94450 00593

98 Theni 94450 00594

99 Andipatti 94450 00595

100 Uthamapalayam 94450 00596

101 Bodinayakanur 94450 00597

18 Karur 109 Karur 94450 00598

110 Aravakurichi 94450 00599

111 Kulithalai 94450 00600

112 Krishnarayapuram 94450 00601

19 திருச்சி மாவட்டம் Tiruchirapalli

119 Tiruchirappalli 94450 00602

120 Srirangam 94450 00603

121 Manapparai 94450 00604

122 Lalgudi 94450 00605

123 Manachanallur 94450 00606

124 Musiri 94450 00607

125 Thottiam 94450 00608

126 Thuraiyur 94450 00609

20 பெரம்பலூர் மாவட்டம் Perambalur

113 Perambalur 94450 00610

114 Veppanthattai 94450 00611

115 Kunnam 94450 00612

116 Ariyalur 94450 00613

117 Udayarpalayam 94450 00614

118 Senthurai 94450 00615

21 நாகப்பட்டம் மாவட்டம் Nagapattinam

127 Nagapattinam 94450 00616

128 Vedaranyam 94450 00617

129 Keelvelur 94450 00618

130 Thirukkuvalai 94450 00619

131 Mayiladuthurai 94450 00620

132 Tharangampadi 94450 00621

133 Seerkazhi 94450 00622

22 திருவாரூர் மாவட்டம் Tiruvarur

134 Mannargudi 94450 00623

135 Needamangalam 94450 00624

136 Thiruthuraipoondi 94450 00625

137 Thiruvarur 94450 00626

138 Nannilam 94450 00627

139 Kodavasal 94450 00628

140 Valangaiman 94450 00629

23 தஞ்சை மாவட்டம் Thanjavur

141 Thanjavur 94450 00630

142 Thiruvaiyaru 94450 00631

143 Orathanadu 94450 00632

144 Kumbakonam 94450 00633

145 Thiruvidaimaruthur 94450 00634

146 Papanasam 94450 00635

147 Pattukottai 94450 00636

148 Peravoorni 94450 00637

24 புதுக்கோட்டை மாவட்டம்

Pudukkottai

149 Kolathur 94450 00638

150 Elluppur 94450 00639

151 Alangudi 94450 00640

152 Pudukkottai 94450 00641

153 Gandarvakottai 94450 00642

154 Thirumayam 94450 00643

155 Aranthangi 94450 00644

156 Avudaiyarkoil 94450 00645

157 Manamelkudi 94450 00646

25 சிவகங்கை மாவட்டம் Sivagangai

158 Thirupathur 94450 00647

159 Karaikudi 94450 00648

160 Devakottai 94450 00649

161 Sivagangai 94450 00650

162 Manamadurai 94450 00651

163 Ilayankudi 94450 00652

26 ராமநாதபுரன் மாவட்டம்

Ramanathapuram

164 Ramanathapuram 94450 00653

165 Rameswaram 94450 00654

166 Thiruvadanai 94450 00655

167 Madukalathur 94450 00656

168 Kamudhi 94450 00657

169 Paramakudi 94450 00658

170 Kadaladi 94450 00659

27 விருதுநகர் மாவட்டம் Virudhunagar

171 Srivilliputhur 94450 00660

172 Rajapalayam 94450 00661

173 Sathur 94450 00662

174 Sivakasi 94450 00663

175 Aruppukkottai 94450 00664

176 Kaariapatti 94450 00665

177 Virudhunagar 94450 00667

178 Thiruchuli 94450 00668

28 திருநெல்வேலி மாவட்டம் Tirunelveli

187 Palayamkottai 94450 00669

188 Sakarankoil 94450 00670

189 Tirunelveli 94450 00671

190 Ambasamudram 94450 00672

191 Nanguneri 94450 00673

192 Radhapuram 94450 00674

193 Thenkasi 94450 00675

194 Shenkottai 94450 00676

195 Veerakeralampudur 94450 00677

196 Aaangulam 94450 00678

197 Sivagiri 94450 00679

29 தூத்துக்குடி மாவட்டம் Thoothukudi

179 Thoothukudi 94450 00680

180 Srivaikuntam 94450 00681

181 Thiruchendue 94450 00682

182 Sathankulam 94450 00683

183 Koilpatti 94450 00684

184 Ottapidaram 94450 00685

185 Vilathikulam 94450 00686

186 Ettaiyapuram 94450 00687

30 கன்னியாகுமரி மாவட்டம் Kanniyakumari

198 Thovalai 94450 00688

199 Agastheeswaram 94450 00689

200 Kalkulam 94450 00690

201 Vilavancode 94450 00691...

Primavera Best Practice for Project Schedule Risk Modelling & Analysis !!

Schedule Risk Modelling & Analysis Contents :
 
1.    Objectives
 
2.    A brief to Schedule Risk Analysis
 
3.    Risk Analysis Software
 
4.    Influential Factors and Project Specifics
 
5.    The Three Levels of Risk Assessment
 
6.    Project Risk Factors Checklist
 
7.  Minimum Conditions of Satisfaction

8.  Schedule Risk Modeling (Case Study)
 
9.  Common Challenges to Effective Risk Analysis

 1.    Objectives

Learn internationally-recognized best practices for managing project risks

Assess the potential variability in project duration resulting from identified project risks

Assess how risks and opportunities may influence the project schedule

Understand which paths in the schedule have the highest probability of impacting the schedule completion or key milestones

•Understand which risks have the most impact on overall schedule variability

2.    A brief to Schedule Risk Analysis

You may have said to yourself something like:-

• “If it goes well,we will have that foundation completed in 10 days, but there is a chance the ground could be rocky and it may even take 20 days, but that is really the worst-case and is unlikely. So my best guess is 13 days”

• So in your project schedule you enter13 days against the task "Foundation". The other information (i.e. the best case estimate of 10 days and worst-case estimate of 20 days) are not entered into the project at all


• By entering only the most likely duration a lot of additional information that would be of great benefit in producing a much more realistic plan is lost


Using risk analysis allows you to easily enter extra information about the uncertainty of the duration of your tasks.


This extra information can be used to produce more accurate and realistic schedules. It can also help you manage your project more effectively by answering questions such as:

• What is the chance of finishing the project on time?

• What date can I be 90% confident of finishing by?

• What tasks are most likely to cause project delay?

3.    Risk Analysis Software

Primavera Risk Analysis uses advanced Monte Carlo-based cost and schedule analytics to provide full-lifecycle risk management through risk models: estimate uncertainty, probabilistic branching, fixed-cost

uncertainty, variable-cost uncertainty, resource uncertainty and weather modeling.


Some major customers using Primavera Risk Analysis as part of the ongoing project management process:


• ExxonMobil, Petronas, ARAMCO, SABIC, TOTAL

• British Petroleum

• Shell, ONGC, Qatar Gas

• DoW Chemical

• BASF

• Santos

• Siemens,

• Worley Parsons

• Fluor, Saipem

• Technip, Techinicas Reuidas

• Bechtel, JCC, CCC

• Samsung, Hyundai, GE, SK, Doosan

• Etc….

4. Influential Factors and Project Specifics

Every project has its own unique risks that need to be managed

5.    The Three Levels of Risk Assessment

Level 1: Risk Identification is the formal act of identifying risks and opportunities for a project. Typically, this includes the use of a risk checklist and/or the start of a project risk register

 Level 2: Deterministic Risk Analysis is the act of analyzing risks through a single-point estimate of potential impacts. Typically, this involves a probability x impact matrix and a prioritized lists of risks

 Level 3: Probabilistic Risk Analysis is the act of analyzing risk through probability distribution estimates of potential impact, known as Monte Carlo simulations. Typically, this approach involves the determination of the probability of meeting project targets

6.    Project Risk Factors Checklist


Management Risks


• Stakeholder misalignment

• Unrealistic schedules

• Incorrect contract strategy

• Poor interface

• Inaccurate estimates

• Inexperienced team

• Under staffing

• Owner interference

• Over staffing

• Decision delay

• Language barriers

 Political Risks


• Civil unrest

• Resettlement

• Inflation

• Sanctions

• Terrorism

• Political change

• Regulatory changes

• Local communities

• Health impacts

• Transparency

• Foreign exchange  Contract Risks

• Poor scope definition

• Poor contract terms

• Not enough bidders

• Poor pre-qualification

• Major bid deviations

• Incorrect selection criteria

• Late contractor selection

• Wrong contractor or subcontractor

• Poor change management

• Design liabilities

• Guarantees, Performance, Acceptance

• Force majeure

• Late payment

• Intellectual property rights

• Bankruptcy




Environmental Risks


• Severe weather conditions  (summer, rainy season)

• Land contamination

• Poor environmental

control/management    (emissions, discharges and wastes)

 
Design Risks



• Poor design (FEED)

• Design modification

• Change orders

• Decision delay

• Understaffing

• Late review/approval

• Poor constructability

• Poor document/data management

• Poor interface (vendor, contractors)

• New technology

• Unnecessary innovation

• Unpractical or difficult  standards and specifications

 
Procurement Risks

• Not enough bidders

• Late deliveries of LLIs

• Poor inspection/QA/QC

• Poor material quality

• Change orders

• Wrong vendor/supplier

• Damaged goods

• Bankruptcy

• Late custom clearance

• Export restrictions

• Vendor representative issues

• Poor material/equipment preservation



Construction Risks


• Access limitation

• Transport and logistics limitation

• Late construction permit

• Wrong construction method

• Poor productivity

• Cultural & language barrier

• Poor labor supervision

 

• Understaffing

• Shortage of skilled labor

• Overstaffing

• Late engineering

• Incomplete drawings

• Poor interface (drilling)

• Poor planning

• Construction equipment and tools availability

• Construction equipment breakdowns

• Special transport equipment availability

• Late mobilization and site establishment

• Temporary accommodation, laydown, storage limitation

• Fabrication yards/shops availability

• Unforeseen ground conditions

• Incorrect sub-contract strategy

• Overcrowded work area

• SimOps

• Work on non-critical tasks

• Poor working conditions

Commissioning risks

 

• Commissioning procedures late, incorrect or not followed

• System not completed or ready for testing

• Inexperienced personnel during first fills or first runs

• Late involvement of Client operation team

• Vendor representative issues

• Guarantees, Performance,Acceptance


7.  Minimum Conditions of Satisfaction

There are certain conditions required before starting the Schedule

Risk Analysis:  Scope of work, execution plan, cost estimate, and schedule consistent with each other

 A quality schedule : that includes activities for all project scope; has realistic durations for activities; has logic links that reflect the sequence of work and the dependencies between activities, and realistic critical and near-critical paths

 A team-approved schedule :  A risk register with a comprehensive list of all identified project-specific risks, an understanding of the likely impact of each of those risks, and risk response actions for each risk

Logic Tie Considerations

• How duration variability in B any sequence passes from one activity to another depends on the logic ties that are used to connect these two activities.

• The types of logic ties used in the schedule risk model will have a significant impact on the results of the risk model in a Monte Carlo simulation


• The triangles included in the figures represent the duration variability of the activity



8.  Schedule Risk Modeling (Case Study)


• What is the project context?


• What is the chance of finishing the project on time?


• What chance do we have of finishing the project in Q4 2021?

• What date can be P50 Scheduling and Pertmaster for risk analysis or most likely scenario?


• What date can be P90 Scheduling and Pertmaster for risk analysis or worst-case scenario?

• What tasks are most likely to cause project delay?


• What are the major risks delaying the project?


• What will be the finish date after risk mitigations?

9.  Common Challenges to Effective Risk Analysis

• Dangers of double-counting risks

• Danger of missing important risks

• Danger of ignoring secondary risks

• Danger of using deficient schedule

• Disconnection between risk rating scales and project objectives

• Inclusion or not of rare (catastrophic) events

• Too many different risk assessments are performed across the organization

• The amount of information and data gathered is difficult to interpret and use.

Prepared by  M.Ajmal khan.

27 BEST COUNTRY PAVILIONS AT EXPO 2022 DUBAI

Since the 1850s, the World Expo has been held every five years, presenting invaluable solutions for some of humanity’s greatest challenges. The Expo 2020 Dubai is considered the most ambitious one yet. It is the first expo in the Middle East and South Asia region and costs a whopping 7 billion dollars. The six-month-long expo is expected to attract more than 23 million visitors.

The Expo is designed around the theme “Connecting minds, Creating the Future”. The three main categories of the Expo are based on three sub-themes – Mobility, Sustainability, and Opportunity.

Have a look at the top 27 awe-inspiring pavilions in the Expo 2020 Dubai that will redefine the design and architectural world.


What is an Expo Pavilion?

An Expo Pavilion is a type of building designed by well-known architects for a country to showcase their innovations and latest technologies. Expo 2020 has a specialty – for the first time in World Expo history, every participating country has its own pavilion. A pavilion lets visitors discover what makes each country unique. Each country pavilion will give the visitors a taste of their distinctive culture, growth, and future vision.

What are the Three Main Pavilions at Dubai Expo 2020?

The three main pavilion groups at Expo 2020 Dubai are the following.
1. Mobility District

This sub-theme has different topics, like digital connectivity, logistics, and travel exploration. Mobility district explores the concepts of connections, human progress, etc. The pavilions in the mobility district explore connections that drive the world ahead and how to eliminate the divide between physical and digital worlds. Visitors can explore future vehicles, developments in space exploration, and innovative mobility devices.
2. Sustainability District

The sustainability district explores the balance in the world we inhabit to ensure a sustainable future. The main aim is to motivate people to join small actions that grow into positive global movements that will help preserve the world around us. Visitors can explore the world’s most advanced technologies in action, and how different countries champion the concept of sustainability. Also, you can experience sustainable innovations and cultural shows.
3. Opportunity District

Opportunity district focuses on unlocking the potential for individuals and communities to shape the future. Visitors can witness how our lives are interconnected, and meet people from around the globe who are transforming dreams into aspirations of tomorrow. They can explore something new, connect with changemakers, and be inspired by social innovators who have a measurable impact on people’s lives across the globe. Also, you can participate in activities that are designed for skill-building and youth empowerment.
How Many Pavilions are in Expo 2020 Dubai?

Expo 2020 Dubai will feature 200 pavilions, and 191 will be representative of participating countries. The remaining are Partner pavilions, Organization pavilions, and Special pavilions.
Best 27 Country Pavilions at Dubai Expo 2020
Top 9 Opportunity District Pavilions
1. United Arab Emirates (UAE)

UAE has by far the most important pavilion to visit during your Expo tour. The UAE pavilion is built across four enchanting floors and exhibits Emirati achievements (from the construction of the world’s tallest skyscraper to reaching Mars) and culture. Visitors can explore the story of the UAE as a global hub as well as the vision of its leaders to create a peaceful and progressive society.
2. India

The Indian pavilion at Expo 2020 is raised on the theme of a sustainable future for the planet. The American Institute of Architects has recognized the India Pavilion as “One of the Most Iconic Pavilions”, acknowledging how it is a perfect blend of history, sustainability, and opportunities. The massive four-floor pavilion invites visitors to witness a brilliant mix of Ayurveda, Yoga, Space programmes, and its fast-growing US$ 2.5 trillion economy. You can also enjoy India’s art, culture, literature, cinema and cuisine from across 29 states and 8 union territories. Also, you can discover Indian businesses across 27 verticals of the economy, India’s states and the world’s third-largest start-up ecosystem. 3.5 lakh people are recorded to have visited the India Pavilion within 50 days of its inauguration and it is one of the most crowded pavilions in Expo 2020.
3. United Kingdom

The UK pavilion at Dubai Expo 2020 offers an awe-inspiring glimpse into the future, exploring everything from the commercialization of space to artificial intelligence. The building was designed by Es Devlin, the country’s first female architect to construct an Expo pavilion. The UK’s theme is ‘Innovating for a Shared Future.
4. Switzerland

The Swiss country pavilion displays essential features of Swiss culture and landscape through a variety of interactive elements and pictures. The structure of the pavilion is made up of scaffolding components and fabrics. Visitors can see Switzerland and its diversity and explore everything from magnificent landscapes to innovative projects and ideas for a sustainable future.
5. China

China’s presence is an architectural representation of hope for the future. Spreading over an area of 4636 square meters, the Chinese pavilion will be among the largest pavilions in Expo 2020, Dubai. It is a clear representation of the country’s prosperity and expansion, as well as a devotion to its culture and traditions. Visitors can explore the showcasing of China’s culture and longstanding history. The pavilion artistically combines Chinese elements with modern technologies.
6. Luxembourg

Luxembourg’s expo pavilion is shaped like a Mobius ribbon – an endless form, to symbolize the country’s principles of openness. Also, if you don’t feel like walking down a set of steps, you can use a slide that takes you directly to the pavilion’s bottom floor. Visitors can delve into an immersive experience of Luxembourg’s diversity, connectivity, enterprising spirit, far-reaching commitment to sustainability and beautiful nature.
7. Saudi Arabia

Even before the Expo’s doors opened, the Saudi Pavilion had set three world records. One of those is the world’s largest interactive lighting floor, with 7,998 LED lights. You can also witness the world’s largest LED mirror screen and the world’s longest interactive water feature. Visitors can explore Saudi’s shared future, taking you on a journey through its ambitions across four main pillars – people, heritage, nature, and opportunities. In just 49 days since its opening, one million people have visited the Saudi Arabia Pavilion. It is recorded to be the highest percentage of visitors to a pavilion (more than 30% of the expo’s visitors), thus making it the most visited pavilion in Expo 2020 Dubai.
8. Monaco

Monaco has explored art, culture, and innovation through a sense-spinning kaleidoscope design. Visitors can experience the spirit of the renowned sovereign city-state simply by looking around. The expo pavilion will take you on a multi-sensory journey that replicates the sights and smells of the French Riviera.
9. Bahrain

Bahrain’s unique and groundbreaking pavilion explores the concept of density as an opportunity. You can witness how Bahrain’s geography has defined its development with limited land availability. Also, you can see how Bahrain has evolved, encouraging trade, entrepreneurship and innovation. Visitors can indulge in exceptional cuisines where chefs will reimagine local flavors.

Top 9 Mobility District Pavilions
1. Australia

Australia’s Expo 2020 pavilion includes a music stage right at the entry. The theme of the pavilion is “Blue Sky Dreaming” which encapsulates Australian optimism, ambition and creativity. Witness the celebration of Australian diversity and collaboration, plenty of live concerts, musicians, and dancers throughout the six-month duration of the Expo.
2. South Korea

The South Korea pavilion at Dubai Expo 2020 is a work of art. During the day, bright colors of red and yellow brighten the tent-like structure, while at night, bursts of blue and pink highlight it. Inside, visitors can learn about South Korea’s scientific and technological advancements. You can also take walks on the mobile-guided path through the novel architecture with a series of mobility-related experiences.
3. Hungary

Hungary’s expo pavilion invites guests to experience an interactive display highlighting the country’s unique water resources, therapeutic waters, bathing culture, and balneology. The mushroom cap architecture is one-of-a-kind. Visitors can indulge in an extraordinary interactive experience on the theme of water without using water itself, besides tasting Hungary’s culinary palate and its rightfully famous mineral waters. The Hungarian pavilion has drawn over 100,000 visitors in the first month.
4. Oman

Oman’s pavilion at expo 2020 Dubai is designed to showcase a modern interpretation of Islamic and Omani traditional architecture. The pavilion is divided into five zones, each of which will be based on a different topic. Visitors can explore years of Omani progress and international collaboration, and also discover different ways frankincense has benefited Oman, in everything from medicine to food to cosmetics.
5. Finland

Finland’s country pavilion is simply an Arabic tent made of snow, designed as a homage to the host nation. The arching drape-like facade is suggestive of a curtain opening, which is a fitting reference to the long-awaited curtain raising on this big event. Visitors can find a peaceful haven full of surprises inside the Snow Cape. One can also discover the country’s natural beauty, innovation from education to health and wellbeing.
6. Tanzania

In Tanzania’s pavilion, you may go on a virtual safari to see some of the country’s most elusive wildlife or get a bird’s eye perspective of the country’s farms. It’s the only site at Expo 2020 where you can see an elephant blowing its trunk. Visitors can go on the trip of a lifetime and see Tanzania’s beauty and resources. You can explore how the country aims to achieve its vision of becoming a trading hub that connects Africa to the world.
7. Belgium

The Belgian pavilion reflects the country’s status as a European mobility powerhouse. The lush Green Arch facade is the main talking point here as it promotes biomimicry, a concept in which solutions to modern-day problems are modelled after nature. Visitors can explore Belgium’s industrial, technological and scientific know-how, reflecting ‘belgitude’, a mix between Latin romanticism in art and Anglo-Saxon technical precision in the industry.
8. Jamaica

At Jamaica’s country pavilion, guests can meet some of the country’s most famous athletes while learning about their lives and taking in the country’s rich art and culture. Inside the studio, you can listen to Bob Marley and other reggae legends celebrating the country’s unique beat. The pavilion is simply a spontaneous street party in the midst of shipping containers from across the world! Visitors can experience the sights, sounds and tastes of Jamaica, how they move the world and serve as a logistical connection. An article published by Time Out Dubai featured Jamaica Pavilion as “One of the coolest country pavilions at Dubai Expo 2020”.
9. France

At the France Pavilion, you can see daily light shows, taste French cuisine, and learn about the country’s culture and art. Thomas Pesquet, a French astronaut currently on the Alpha Mission, will also greet participants from space! The pavilion presents light as a source of inspiration, creativity, and knowledge. You can witness how France rethinks progress, creates emotions and connections and unleashes new ideas to reinvent our world. In the opening month, the France Pavilion welcomed more than 315,000 visitors.

Top 9 Sustainability District Pavilions
1. Brazil

Brazil’s pavilion at Expo 2020 is a reminder to the rest of the world of the importance of water. The pavilion concentrates on environmental problems such as climate change and pollution that are wreaking havoc in Brazil and elsewhere. Visitors can discover incredible diversity, from flora and fauna to arts and culture. There is a structure that recreates the Amazon basin where you can take in the sights, sounds and scents of Brazil’s riverside. The immersive biodiversity experience has attracted over 300,000 visitors to the Brazil pavilion.

2. Singapore

Few countries have embraced advances in urban design, architecture, and sustainability as Singapore did in recent decades. Singapore’s pavilion illustrates the country’s extraordinary transformation from a crowded and polluted city to a futuristic haven. You can also explore Singapore’s urban innovations, the net-zero energy pavilion designed by WOHA and their journey towards liveability and resilience.
3. Cuba

Visit the Cuban pavilion at expo 2020 Dubai to play a collaborative game on the history of the world’s sugar cane capital. You can also learn to dance the nation’s renowned “cha-cha-cha” in an uplifting South American vibe. The pavilion is nicknamed “A cradle of great creativity and innovation”, which is apt as visitors can see beyond the façade of “Old Cuba” and learn more about the economic, social and ecological changes that are happening throughout the country.
4. New Zealand

New Zealand’s country pavilion is based on the country’s commitment to protecting its people and territory. It is inspired by waka taonga, carved containers constructed by Maori, New Zealand’s indigenous people, to protect valuable objects. Visitors to the pavilion can experience a deep kinship to the culture while exploring the strands that connect all life, and the oneness of people and the environment.
5. Sweden

Three Stockholm-based architects, Studio Adrien Gardere, Luigi Pardo Architetti, and Alessandro Ripellino Architects collaborated on the Sweden pavilion. This nature-inspired pavilion appears to be simple, yet it will transport you to the Nordic forests. Visitors can stroll through paths flanked by wooden trunks and learn how Sweden is building smart cities, developing the next generation of travel, innovating life sciences and developing a bio-circular economy.
6. Seychelles

You can participate in a treasure hunt beneath the waters at the Seychelles expo pavilion. Visitors are accompanied by a strong theme of preservation throughout the tour, and the quest is as entertaining as it is educational. Visitors can literally discover a treasure untouched by men and that money can’t buy – The Seychelles Islands! Holiday destinations researchers make up most of the visitors to the Seychelles pavilion and in two weeks of opening, more than 7,800 visitors have been recorded.

7. The Netherlands

The Netherlands expo pavilion presents a cone-shaped vertical farm that creates its own microclimate while gathering water, food, and electricity. As the world’s second-largest exporter of agricultural products, this European country has been at the forefront of the global food discussion. Visitors can enter a miniature world with its own climate system at the pavilion. You can also explore sustainable solutions in the vertical farm.
8. Germany

Visitors to the German pavilion will be greeted by an intelligent assistant who will serve as an “invisible companion.” The pavilion also has a vertical campus which is made up of various modules that come together in a large atrium with a stage and café. The pavilion welcomes you to an entertaining, surprising, hands-on digital experience. Germany’s pavilion at Expo 2020 is designed by combining inventive environmental concepts with real-life results.
9. Spain

The Spanish pavilion is designed with acoustic and thermal insulation. The pavilion is made completely of recyclable materials such as iron, cloth, and wood and has an exhibition room in the basement that connects to the various recreational areas out in the open. Visitors can explore intelligent creativity that is capable of uniting people around sustainable projects in the fields of science, technology, production, education and art.
Final Thoughts

Since the world’s first Expo in London, these gatherings have facilitated worldwide collaboration while making significant contributions to design and architecture. As we saw, the Dubai Expo is the most remarkable expo to date, in terms of scale and innovation. There’s no question that the design world will keep talking about these remarkable pavilions until Osaka hosts Expo 2025, which will include even more thought-provoking and creative architecture.