Wednesday, 18 March 2015

How to Clear and Prepare For 2nd Mate Examination-Complete Guide!!

So, now you have completed your sea time as required and have successfully secured a seat for the 2nd Mates functions course in a college of your choice.
Now, comes the big part and the turning point in your life and career, where you will be preparing to step into an officer’s shoes leaving behind your Cadet’s shoes. You will be preparing to take the responsibilities on your shoulders and of course for taking responsibilities you should have the required and appropriate knowledge about your work and your field. This 2nd Mates Functions course will exactly do that, it will impart the required knowledge in you, but you also would have to ensure that you do your homework in a right way to acquire the required knowledge and skills.
In this article we will talk about how you should go on with your preparations to achieve success in this tough exam.
2nd Mates Functions have three types of examinations:
 1) Written Examination   2) Oral Examination   3) Signals Examination

2nd Mates Written Examination and Functions

Let’s first talk about how to prepare for the written examination.
The first thing you should do as soon as you join the course is that you should make yourself familiar with the syllabus for the written examination. Though your college will be guiding you throughout, you should also spare some time in knowing what is going to come and how you will have to prepare yourself and which topic will fetch you with more marks to pass theexamination.

You can also directly jump to the syllabus by clicking on the following link: “2nd Mates Syllabus
You should also be aware that how many functions are there in this course and what is the passing marks in each of them, following are the list of functions for which you will have to go through a written exam:
Name Of Function
Total Marks
Passing Marks
1.      Terrestrial And Coastal Navigation (TCN)    
200
140
2.      Bridge Equipment And Watch keeping            
200
100
3.      Cargo Handling And Stowage                          
200
120
4.      Celestial Navigation                                             
200
140
5.      Meteorology
100
50
6.      Ship Construction, Stability, Ship Safety And   Environment Protection
200
120
 Once you know the subjects and syllabus then you would be more confident and could direct your hard work in one required direction, instead of wasting it here and there.
One advice I would like to give you from my personal and many other friends’ experience is that what you have been taught at the class, practice it at your own after the college is over, this way you will come to know what are your doubts, your strong topics and your weak topics on which you will need to work more hard. If you miss one topic and think you will do it after 5-6 days, believe me you will lag behind and would have to put a lot of extra efforts to catch up.

So, make it a habit of practicing the topics that have been taught in the class. Saturdays and Sundays, keep them to revise all the subjects and topics which have been covered in the entire week, you can also utilize these two days for giving extra attention on the topic or subject in which you consider yourself a bit weak. This way, your preparations for the written examinations will always be up to date and you will always be ready to take the examinations (read bull) by its horns.
 For booking of examination seat, you will always be assisted by your college, dates and important announcements will always be posted on the College Board, so always keep a track of them.
 Now, once your seat is booked and date sheet is out, which can also be found onwww.dgshipping.gov.in in the “Exam Schedule” Tab.  You should start your revisions, by this time you should have covered all the topics and should be in the revision stage.
This way you can surely ensure success in the written examination.

2nd Mates Oral Examination and Functions

Now, let us talk about how to prepare and tackle the Oral Examinations.
In orals, there are usually 3 functions and at some MMDs like Kolkata there is a Function 4 as well, list is as follows:
Function 1: Navigation (Terrestrial, Celestial, ROR, Meteorology, Bridge Equipments, Watch  keeping, Flags, shapes, signals, Construction, Stability (for construction and stability some surveyors ask these topics in Function 3 also), Emergencies)
Function 2: Cargo Handling and Stowage
Function 3: Safety (This also includes all the maritime laws, conventions etc.)
Function 4: Flags, Signals etc.
Now, I will be very honest with you all, Orals are sheer luck, yes, obviously your hard work do matter but in orals luck also matters a lot. So, my advice will be with your hard work have faith on God also ;) and if you don’t succeed in first attempt don’t be disheartened, it is very normal. But your aim should always be to clear everything in the first attempt then only you would be able to put up the required hard work. Your oral preparations should include everything that you have prepared for written examination plus the in depth knowledge on each topic for which you will have to refer various Publications like SOLASMARPOL, many other (in fact all) conventions and codes.

Guidance on 2nd Mate Oral Function 1

One should be completely thorough with the Rules Of the Roads (ROR) and the situations regarding the above, if you are able to satisfy the surveyor in ROR your function 1 is almost certain. Also, be thorough with the Bridge equipments, there principle of working and all. Be thorough with the celestial Navigation too.

Guidance on 2nd Mate Oral Function 2

For function 2 i.e. Cargo, don’t expect surveyor to ask question only about the type of ships you have done, most probably he will ask questions relating to those ship types which you have not done, so be prepared about that, sit in with your friends who has done different types of ships and discuss, that’s the best way to learn about other ship types.

Guidance on 2nd Mate Oral Function 3

As far as Function 3 is concerned, well, here comes the mugging part, you have to remember so many regulations of different conventions, so keep revising what you have learnt so far.

The most important thing and the most effective way to prepare for the orals is that you should make yourself familiar with the type of questions a surveyors ask, you can find out the list of questions asked by surveyors of a particular MMD either locally or online, and you should also know what answer satisfies the surveyor, remember some surveyors are satisfied with one answer and some with others, that could be known by being on the forums like 2nd Mates forum group on Facebook. Also, mostly each surveyor of a MMD have his sets of questions which he asks commonly, so if you are able to prepare as per that, it will surely give you an edge and will increase your chances to clear the examination.

2nd Mates Signals Examination

Now, talking about the Signals examination,
It is an exam where Morse codes are transmitted visually and you have to identify and write it on your sheets. Important thing to remember is that if you miss the sequence, you miss the chance of passing. So the only way out here is practice, some college conducts classes for the practice, you can attend them to gain confidence. Other way these days are mobile apps, there are a lot of free downloadable applications on play store and Apple store which will surely help you to learn and remember the Morse codes.

Wish you all the luck in the world. Hope this article on how to prepare for 2nd MateExamination, guide you in achieving success in you first venture. Good Luck Mates, May all be successful.

Saudi Aramco Piping Qc Inspector Sample Interview Questions & Answers...

                                                                                 

  1. What are the main duties of the piping inspector?
Material receiving inspection à Storage & preservation à Cutting, assembly & fit-up à Pre-welding inspection à Visual inspection of socket & threaded joints à Pneumatic test for reinforcing pad à Pickling & passivation à Database reporting à Visual inspection of completed spools à Piping pre-inspection & spool erection à orifice flange inspection à Pipe support inspection à Verification of slope à Internal cleanliness à Valve installation à Piping flange joint inspection à Pre-test punch listing à Hydro testing à pre-commissioning.

  1. How many types of gaskets do you know?
Full face (Asbestos)
Spiral wound metallic
Ring type
Metal jacketed
Inside bolt circle

  1. What are the different types of mating flanges? Name the 4 most common
Flat face
Raised face
RTJ(Ring type Joint)
Tonge & groove
Male & female

  1. What type of information do you get from Isometric drawings?
Line routing, Line orientation, Northing, easting & elevation, Bill of mat’l, Insulation type, NDT requirement, Revision status, Material class’n, Design, operating & testing temp/pressure, paint system, P&ID, slope, Service details, flow direction, support details, notes;

  1. What type of codes and standards do you use as a piping inspector?
ASME B31.3, ASME B31.1, ASME B31.5, ASME B31.9;
JERES-A-004, JERES-A-007, JERES-A-206, JERES-A-301, JERES-L-105, JERES-L-108, JERES-L-110, JERES-L-150, JERES-L-130, JERES-L-310, JERES-L-350, JERES-L-351, JERES-W-011, JERES-W-016

  1. What are the types of Valves?
Gate valve, Globe valve, Butterfly valve, Needle valve, Check valve, Control valve, Knife gate valve,
Based on function:-non-return valve, isolation valve, regulation valve, special purpose valve,

  1. What are the main things you will check before Bolt torquing?
Size of bolt, Calibration of torque wrench, Manual /hydraulic require, Lubricant, Friction factor for threaded lubricant, torque value, JERES-L-109 / 351

  1. Write 3 Saudi Aramco piping standards (L-Series)?
SAES-L-105, SAES-L-108, SAES-L-110, SAES-L-150, SAES-L-130, SAES-L-310, SAES-L-350,SAES-L-351

  1. Write minimum ten hydrostatic test punch list items prior to commence hydrotest at site? Indicate which is YES item & NO item
1.    All hot work shall be completed
2.    Strainers shall be removed
3.    All NDT & DT completion
4.    PWHT completion
5.    Adequate attachment
6.    Coating on weld joint shall be removed.
7.    Calibration of equipments used. Test blind MTC.
8.    Test certificates of testing fluid
9.    Components in new piping systems which interfere with filling, venting, draining or flushing shall not be installed.(orifice plates, flow nozzles, sight glasses)
10.  All joints (flange, threaded, welded or mechanical seals) are left exposed for visual leak detection during the strength test. 
11.  All permanent flange joints were inspected, gasket mat'l verified & properly torqued.
12.  Drains shall be provided at all low points of the piping system.     
13.  Vents and drain valves, both temporary and permanent, conforms with the piping class or rating.
14.  Supports are installed. Additional temporary support may be installed as required.
15.  Expansion joints and spring hangers or spring supports are provided with temporary restraints. 
16.  Arc strikes, gouges, and other indications of careless workmanship (such as surface porosity, uneven weld profiles, and undercut) shall be removed by grinding and inspected by magnetic particle or liquid penetrant method.
17.  Drains are provided immediately above check valves (vertical lines)
18.  All threaded joints up to the first block valve of hydrocarbon pipeline are seal welded. Thread engagement has been verified & accepted.
19.  The pressure testing manifold is separately pressure tested to at least 1.2 times the system test pressure but not less than the discharge pressure of the pump used for the pressure testing.
20.  Line compliance with Isometrics:                                                        
                       i.   Correct Materials utilized grade/schedule (Bill of Mat'ls)                             
                     ii.   Correct flange and fittings rating                                             
                    iii.   Construction tolerances per SAES-L-350

  1. Which type of documents/reports attached in hydrostatic test package?
Refer Attached

  1. Weep hole size shall be drilled for dummy pipe support will be ________mm
Weep hole shall be located near base plate for all vertical dummy pipe support & near run pipe at 6’O clock position for horizontal dummy.(SAES-L-350 13.2.3 & L-310 14.7.2)

  1. What is dead leg and explain?
·         Dead Legs:  Piping sections that are potential for internal corrosion due to flow stagnation. 
·         Dead legs are created mainly by flow stagnation enhanced with presence of settled water and solid deposits.
·         When the length of the section or branch , for 2 inch pipes and larger, is longer than three times its pipe diameter, or 1.22 m (4 ft) in length, the length of the dead leg is the distance measured from the outside diameter of the header (or run) to the near end of the branch valve.
·         For branch connections of 1-½ inch NPS and smaller, the length of the dead leg is the distance measured from the end of the boss to the near end of the valve.

  1. Write any 2 types of piping supports?
Shoe, Spring loaded, resting, weer pad,


  1. Line class 103CS3C is listed on the Isometric Drawing. Explain each________
       1                     03                                CS                     3                       C
Raised face     Flange rating 300       Carbon steel      C.A-4.5mm         Caustic
As per JERES-L-105  page 375-377


  1. What type of connection is acceptable for a 24” header, 12” branch?
Weldolet or welded branch with reinforcement pad as per JERES-L-110 app:A

  1. How many minimum Pressure gauges to be installed during hydro test?
Two(JERES-A-004, para 7.1.5)

  1. Relief valve calibration period would be___________
One week, per JERES-A-004 para 5.5.1


  1. What is a PIP?
Process industry practices

  1. Name the different types of Service Conditions?
NFS :- Normal services, Category M, Category D, High pressure fluid services(ASME-B31.3)

  1. How do you verify (name several items to check) that the correct piping material is used?
Material specification, Pipe size, schedule, length, flange face rating, olet size rating, threaded/socket weld type, MTC, PMI report.

  1. How do you identify fittings and flanges?
By material classification, size, rating, joint type (lap, socket, threaded, butt), face;

  1. How do you check piping for the correct schedule?
Verify pipe material thickness by Vernier at the end or UT on surface or stenciling done by the manufacturer (visual) or heat number, traceability by MTC of product.

  1. What is the standard mill tolerance for piping 2’’ & less?
12% of nominal wall thickness


  1. What is the tolerance for ovality of piping?
5% of nominal diameter at any cross section other than weld end & 3% at weld end (JERES-L-350 para 9.2)

25.  What is the difference between torqueing CS and SS bolting?
CS:- Yield strength High; Torque value High
SS:-  Yield strength low; Torque value low

  1. What are jackscrews and when are they required?
Used in flange joint assemblies which often require frequent separation includes orifice plate, spectacle plates, spacers, screens, and drop out spools shall be provided with jack screw to facility separation and opening for the maintenance. When flange separations are used, jackscrews are not required. Jackscrews shall be installed to be accessible from both sides of the pipe. For orifice flanges, jack screws shall be installed at 3 & 9 o’ clock positions.(JERES-L-310 para 17.7)

  1. What is often overlooked during orifice flange fabrication?
·         Inside surface of welded joints at @ orifice flanges shall be ground & machined smooth  (JERES-L-350 para 10.4.2)
·         Orientation of taps are as per JERSD-J-0001
·         All parallel pipe lines with adjascent orifice fittings shall have a min spacing of 300 mm (12 in) between flanges outside diameters if horizontal taps are required. Where this spacing is not practical follow JERSD-J-0001.
Orifice flanges in adjacent lines shal be staggered so that no two pairs of orifice flanges are less than 1 m(3ft) apart.

28.  What is the maximum diameter piping allowed in hazardous service?
Socket weld:- 2” for maintenance & minor modification & 1-½” for new construction
Threaded:- 1-½” for standard fitting & valve, and 2” maximum when required for maintenance, minor field minor modification of existing piping system(JERES-L-110 para 7.2)

29.  What is the minimum sized piping that can be installed on pipe racks?
Ø1”



30.  Can Teflon tape be used prior to seal welding?
No, (JERES-L-110 para 8.5)

31.  How many threads can be visible after seal welding threaded joints? 
No, should cover all exposed threads(JERES-W-011 para 12.15.3)

  1. What is the gap requirement for socket welds for new construction?
1.5mm-3mm (ASME B31.3 fig 328.5.2C)

33.  Give examples of unique support details that allow piping freedom of movement for thermal expansion?
Guide support, Moving saddle support, Expansion ballons, shoe support, Spring loaded

  1. When you will apply 24 hours recorded hydro test?
If for justifiable safety reasons the UG line must be backfilled, then the joints shall remain exposed during testing, otherwise the test shall be a 24 hour recorded test.(JERES-L-150 para 7.4.2)

  1. Difference between carbon steel and stainless steel?
CS:- Low cost, no chromium content, suitable for non-corrosive service upto 350 degree C, max carbon 0.3%.
SS:- Contains more than 12% Cr, 0.08% C, Suitable for corrosive, cryogenic, High temp services, costly.

  1. Difference between RT & UT?
RT:- Uses X-ray or Gamma ray to detect discontinuities, reveals mostly volumetric. planar defects & subsurface defects not detectable easily
UT:-Uses ultrasonic beam to detect discontinuities reveals both planar & volumetric defects, but size & exact location of defects are not easily identifiable. Possible only on materials that do not defract UT waves.

  1. Difference between PT & MT?
MT:- Only Applicable for ferromagnetic materials & able to detect both surface & sub surface discontinuities, compare to PT examination it takes less time for testing & inspection; Applicable for large temp range.

PT:- Applicable for both ferromagnetic & non ferromagnetic materials & able t detect only surface discontinuities, It requires more time; Applicable for small temp range.

  1. How do you control material in fabrication shop?
1)  All materials shall have material spec and grade stamped or stenciled & clearly marked with permanent marker.
2)  All materials,heat no. will be made traceable to MTC from approved vendor & no material substitution will be done without proper approval from the company.
3)  All materials shall be stored & stacked separately as per material grade.
4)  Heat no. shall be transferred before cutting into pipes that have to be cut.
5)  All materials shall be color coded as per tracebility procedure

  1. Write inspection items during valve installation?
1.  Valve type corrects at the location
2.  Valve test certificate
3.  Valve tag as per P&ID
4.  Valve direction of flow as per P&ID
5.  Gasket bolts as per isometric & type
6.  Handle direction
7.  Chain wheel installed
8.  Valve flange face condition