தமிழகத்தில் ஜல்லிக்கட்டு மற்றும் மஞ்சு விரட்டு நடைபெறும் இடங்கள் !! ஒரு தவகல்...

தமிழகத்தை பொருத்தவரை ஜல்லிக்கட்டு மதுரை மாவட்டத்தில் ஆண்டு தோறும் தை , 1ல் அவனியாபுரத்திலும், தை , 2ல் பாலமேட்டிலும், தை , 3ல் அலங்காநல்லூரிலும் ஜல்லிக்கட்டு அடுத்தடுத்து நடத்தப்படுகிறது.

தமிழகத்தில்ஜல்லிக்கட்டு மற்றும் மஞ்சு விரட்டு நடைபெறும் இடங்கள்... 

மதுரை மாவட்டத்தைத் தவிர தமிழகத்தின் பிற இடங்களிலும் இந்த ஜல்லிக்கட்டு மற்றும் மஞ்சு விரட்டு விழா ஆண்டுதோறும் தை மாதம் முதல் வைகாசி மாதம் வரை நடத்தப்படுகிறது.


மதுரை மாவட்டத்தில் அவனியாபுரம் ,பாலமேடு,அலங்காநல்லூர் ஜல்லிக்கட்டு போட்டிகள்அடுத்தடுத்து நடத்தப்படுகிறது . மேலும் சக்குடி, வாடிப்பட்டி, அழகர்கோவில்,சாலூர் போன்ற ஊர்களில் மஞ்சு விரட்டு போட்டிகள் மிகவும்பிரசித்தமாக  நடத்தப்படுகிறது.  

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இதே போல் தமிழகத்தில் பிரசித்தமான ஜல்லிக்கட்டு மற்றும் மஞ்சு விரட்டுபோட்டிகள்!!

சிவகெங்கை மாவட்டத்தில் மஞ்சு விரட்டு


சிராவயல்,

அரளிப்பாறை

கண்டிப்பட்டி,

என்.புதூர்,

காரைக்குடி ,

நெடுமரம்,

கண்டரமாணிக்கம்,

மலைக்கோயில்,

பட்டமங்கலம் ஆகிய இடங்களில் மஞ்சு விரட்டு




தேனி மாவட்டத்தில் ஜல்லிக்கட்டு

அய்யம்பட்டி, பல்லவராயன் பட்டி (கம்பம் )




புதுக்கோட்டை மாவட்டத்தில் மஞ்சு விரட்டு /ஜல்லிக்கட்டு

திருநல்லூர்,

ஆலத்தூர்,

திருவாப்பூர், ஜல்லிக்கட்டு

வேந்தன்பட்டி ஜல்லிக்கட்டு

பொன்அமராவதிஜல்லிக்கட்டு




திண்டுக்கல் மாவட்டத்தில் மஞ்சு விரட்டு

பிள்ளமநாயக்கன்பட்டி,

தவசிமடை,

கொசுவப்பட்டி,

சொரிப்பாறைப்பட்டி,

வெள்ளேடு,

மறவப்பட்டி,

நத்தம் அம்மாபட்டி ,

வீரசின்னம்பட்டி,

புகையிலைப்பட்டி,ஆகிய இடங்களில் மஞ்சு விரட்டு


சேலம் மாவட்டத்தில் ஜல்லிக்கட்டு..

கொண்டலாம்பட்டி ,

ஆத்தூர் கூலமேடு,

தம்மம்பட்டி




திருச்சி மாவட்டத்தில் ஜல்லிக்கட்டு


பாலக்குறிச்சி,

ஆவாரங்காடு,

வார்ப்பட்டி,

சூரியூர்,

கருங்குளம் போன்ற இடங்களில் நடைப்பெறும்.

 கீழ்க்கண்ட ஜல்லிக்கட்டு மற்றும் மஞ்சு விரட்டுபோட்டிகள் மிகவும் பிரசித்தமானது . 

அவனியாபுரம் ஜல்லிக்கட்டு

மதுரை மாவட்டத்தில் உள்ள அவனியாபுரத்தில் ஒவ்வொரு ஆண்டும் முதன் முதலில் அவனியாபுரத்தில்தான் ஜல்லிக்கட்டு நடத்தப்படுகிறது. இந்த ஜல்லிக்கட்டில் பங்கேற்க புகழ்பெற்ற அலங்காநல்லூர், பாலமேடு காளைகள் மற்றும் வாடிப்பட்டி, சோளங்குருணி, பெருங்குடி, திருமங்கலம் உள்ளிட்ட மாவட்டத்தின் பல்வேறு பகுதிகளில் இருந்தும் 500-க்கும் மேற்பட்ட காளைகள் அழைத்து வரப்படுகின்றன.
பாலமேடு ஜல்லிக்கட்டு


2013-ஆம் ஆண்டு இங்கு நடந்த ஜல்லிக்கட்டில் மஞ்சள் நிறத்தில் மேலாடையும், நீல நிறத்தில் கால் சட்டையும் சீருடையாக இருந்தது. இந்த சீருடை அணிந்து வீரர்கள் மக்களின் ஆரவாரத்திற்க்கிடையே தடுப்பினுள் தயாராக இருப்பார்கள். பின்னர் "வாடிவாசல்" என்று அழைக்கப்படும் பகுதியிலிருந்து காளைகள் விரட்டிவிடப்படும். இங்கு வரும் காளைகள் இந்த ஊரிலிருந்து மட்டுமின்றி மதுரை மாவட்டம், திருச்சிராப்பள்ளி மாவட்டம், புதுக்கோட்டை மாவட்டம், தேனி மாவட்டம், விருதுநகர் மாவட்டம் போன்ற மாவட்டங்களில் உள்ள ஊர்களிலிருந்தும் வந்து போட்டியில் கலந்து கொள்வது வழக்கமாக உள்ளது.

அலங்காநல்லூர் ஜல்லிக்கட்டு


அலங்காநல்லூர் ஜல்லிக்கட்டு விளையாட்டில் உள்ள விறுவிறுபின் காரணமாகவும் ஊடகங்கள் மற்றும் தமிழ் திரைப்படங்களின் மூலமும் உலக அளவில் அலங்காநல்லூர் பிரபலமாகத் தொடங்கியது. இதன் காரணமாக இன்று ஜல்லிக்கட்டு என்று சொன்னாலே அனைவருக்கும் அலங்காநல்லூர் பெயர்தான் நினைவுக்கு வருகிறது.

சூரியூர் ஜல்லிக்கட்டு

திருச்சிராப்பள்ளி மாவட்டத்தில் திருவரம்பூர் அருகே உள்ள பெரிய சூரியூர் கிராமத்தில் மாட்டுப்பொங்கல் தினத்தன்று ஜல்லிக்கட்டு நடைபெறுவது வழக்கம்

சிராவயல் மஞ்சுவிரட்டு

 சிராவயல் தமிழகத்தில் சிவகெங்கை மாவட்டத்தில் காரைக்குடியில் இருந்து 14 கி .மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது.பிள்ளையார்பட்டி கிராமத்தில் பின்புறம் இருக்கிறது. வருடந்தோறும் காணும்பொங்கல் அன்று 300 ஆண்டுகளுக்கும் மேலாக மஞ்சுவிரட்டு மிக சிறப்பாகக் கொண்டாடப்பட்டு வருகிறது.வெளிநாட்டு பயணிகளும் மக்களும் சுமார் 2 இலட்சம் பேர் வரை வருகை தந்து கண்டு களிக்கிறார்கள் .

அரளிப்பாறை மஞ்சுவிரட்டு

சிவகங்கை மாவட்டம், சிங்கம்புணரி அருகே அரளிப்பாறையில் ஆண்டுதோறும் மாசி மகத்தன்று ஐந்து நிலை நாடு எனப்படும் 100 கிராமங்களை உள்ளடக்கிய நாட்டார்கள் சார்பில் மஞ்சுவிரட்டு நடத்தப்படுவது வழக்கம்.


ஆக்கம்  மற்றும் தொகுப்பு : மு.அஜ்மல் கான்.

ஆயகலைகள் 64...?அவை என்னென்ன என்று தெரியுமா?

 

ஆயகலைகள் 64 என்று உங்களுக்கு தெரிந்திருக்கும்! அவை என்னென்ன என்று தெரியுமா? 1. அக்கரவிலக்கணம் 2. இலிகிதம் 3. கணிதம் 4. வேதம் 5. புராணம் 6. வியாகரணம் 7. நீதி சாஸ்திரம் 8. ஜோதிடம் 9. தர்ம சாஸ்திரம் 10. யோக சாஸ்திரம் 11. மந்திர சாஸ்திரம் 12. சகுன சாஸ்திரம் 13. சிற்ப சாஸ்திரம் 14. வைத்திய சாஸ்திரம் 15. உருவ சாஸ்திரம் 16. இதிகாசம் 17. காவியம் 18. அலங்காரம் 19. மதுர பாடனம் 20. நாடகம் 21. நிருத்தம் 22. சத்தப்பிரும்மம் 23. வீணை 24. வேணு (புல்லாங்குழல்) 25. மிருதங்கம் (மத்தளம்) 26. தாளம் 27. அத்திரப் பரிட்சை 28. கனகப் பரிட்சை (பொன் மாற்று பார்த்தல்) 29. இரதப் பரிட்சை (தேர் ஏற்றம்) 30. கஜப் பரிட்சை (யானை எற்றம்) 31. அசுவப் பரிட்சை (குதிரை ஏற்றம்) 32. இரத்தினப் பரிட்சை 33. பூமிப் பரிட்சை 34. சங்கிராம விலக்கணம் 35. மல்யுத்தம் 36. ஆகருடனம் (ஆகர்ஷணம்) 37. உச்சாடனம் 38. வித்து வேடனம் (ஏவல்) 39. மதன சாஸ்திரம் 40. மோகனம் 41. வசீகரணம் 42. இரசவாதம் 43. காந்தருவ வாதம் (சங்கீத வித்தை) 44. பைபீலவாதம் (மிருக பாஷை) 45. கவுத்துவ வாதம் 46. தாதுவாதம் ( நாடி சாஸ்திரம்) 47. காருடம் 48. நட்டம் 49. மூட்டி (கைக்குள் மூடியிருக்கும் பொருளைச் சொல்லுதல்) 50. ஆகாய கமனம் (வானத்தில் ஊர்ந்து செல்லுதல்) 51. பரகாய பிரவேஷம் (கூடுவிட்டுக் கூடு பாய்தல்) 52. ஆகாயப் பிரவேஷம் ( ஆகாயத்தில் மறைந்து கொள்வது) 53. அதிரிசியம் 54. இந்திர ஜாலம் (செப்பிடு வித்தை, மாய வித்தை) 55. மகேந்திர ஜாலம் 56. அக்கினி ஸ்தம்பம் (நெருப்பைச் சுடாமல் கட்டல்) 57. ஜலஸ்தம்பம் (நீருக்குள் மூழ்கி வெகு நேரமிருத்தல், நீரில் நடத்தல், நீரில் படுத்திருத்தல்) 58. வாயுஸ்தம்பம் 59. திட்டி ஸ்தம்பம் 60. வாக்கு ஸ்தம்பம் 61. சுக்கில ஸ்தம்பம் (விந்தையடக்கல்) 62. கன்னத்தம்பம் 63. கட்கத்தம்பம் 64. அவத்தைப் பிரயோகம் இதில் பலவற்றிற்கு எனக்கு அர்த்தம் புரியவில்லை. உங்களுக்குத் தெரிந்தால் பகிர்ந்து கொள்ளுங்கள்.

Do you what is Islam ?

Contents:

Religion of Unity

Religion of "Submission To The Divine Will"

Religion of Nature

Religion of Discipline

Religion of Truth

Religion of Temperance

Religion of Beauty

Religion of Reason

Religion of The Negation of Superstition

Religion of Action

Religion of Balanced Progress

Religion of Scientific Quest

Religion of The Sanctity of Labour

Religion of The Highest Idealism In Ethics

Religion of Peace And Goodwill

Religion of Struggle (Jihad)

Religion of "No Compulsion  In Conversion"

Religion of Brotherhood

Religion of Spiritual Democracy

Religion of Human Dignity

Religion of Rational Sex Morality

Religion of Salvation In This Life And The Hereafter

Religion With Authentic And Perfect Divine Scripture

Religion With The Simplest Creed

Hazrat Muhammad (Peace Be Upon  Him) The Pinnacle of Human Perfection

Absorption In The Love of God The Final Goal

(A) RELIGION OF UNITY
(1) Unity of God
Islam teaches the purest form of Monotheism and regards polytheism as the deadliest sin. A Muslim addresses GOD by His Personal Name: ALLAH --- the word "god" and its equivalents in other languages being unstable in the matter of connotation. Allah, according to Islam, is the One God, who is Indivisible in Person and Who has no partner: wife, son or daughter. He is the Matchless and "naught is as His likeness". "He begetteth not, nor was He begotten". He is the First, the Last, the Eternal, the Infinite, the Almighty, the Omniscient, the Omnipresent. He is the Creator, the Nourisher, the Cherisher of all things. He is the All-just, the Avenger of the wrongs done to the weak and the oppressed, the Compassionate, the Merciful and Loving, the Guide, the Friend, the Magnificent, the Glorious, the Beautiful and the True. In short, He is the Possessor of all Excellence.
Speaking of the conception of God in Islam, Gibbon, the famous western historian, says: "The Creed of Hazrat Muhammad is free from the suspicion of Ambiguity and the Qur’an is a glorious testimony to the unity of God. The Prophet of Mecca rejected the worship of idols and men, of stars and planets, on the rational principle that whatever is corruptible must decay and perish, that whatever is born must die, that whatever rises must set. In the Author of the universe his rational enthusiasm confessed and adored an infinite and Eternal Being, without form or place, without issue or similitude, present to our secret thoughts, existing by the necessity of His own nature, and deriving from Himself all moral and intellectual perfections. These sublime truths …are defined with metaphysical precision by the interpreters of the Qur’an. A philosophic theist might subscribe to the popular creed of the Muhammadans."

(2) Unity of the Universe
From the Unity of the Creator, according to Islam, proceeds the Unity of the Universe, i.e., Unity of Creation and Unity of Purpose. In other words, the Cosmos is a Moral Order.

(3) Unity of Mankind
Islam regards the whole of mankind as an "organic unity" --- a single family, and emphatically says that the distinctions on the mundane plane, the distinctions, namely, of race, colour, language or territory, cannot form the ground for claims of superiority of one group over the other. The only distinction that has "value" is that which arises at the moral and spiritual planes – namely, the distinction of "taqwa", or, "piety and righteousness".Prof. H.A.R. Gibb, the famous English critic of Islam says, "…..Islam…..possesses a magnificent tradition of inter-racial understanding and co-operation. No other society has such a record of success in uniting in an equality of status, of opportunity and of endeavour so many and so various races of mankind… If ever the opposition of the great societies of East is to be replaced by co-operation, the mediation of Islam is an indispensable condition." (Whither Islam? p.379).

(4) Unity of Religion
According to Islam, the human intellect, though a great and powerful asset, has its natural limits, and, therefore, neither the normative nor the empirical sciences are capable of leading humanity to a sure knowledge of ultimate truths and the code of life based upon them. The only source of sure knowledge open to humanity is, consequently, Divine Guidance, and that course has been actually open ever since the beginnings of human life on earth. Allah raised His "Prophets" and "Messengers" and revealed His Guidance to them for transmission to humanity. Coming from the same Source, all revealed religions have, therefore, been one, i.e., ISLAM.
Allah's Prophets and Messengers continued to come to every country and community to work in their respective limited fields. Time after time, the revealed Guidance was either lost or corrupted through human interpolation, and new Prophets with fresh Dispensations were sent, and humanity continued to advance from infancy to maturity. At last, when the stage of maturity was reached – when humanity was practically to become one family --- instead of sectional Guidance, a perfect, final and abiding Revelation, addressed to entire mankind and for all time, was granted in the seventh century of the Christian era. That Revelation, which recapitulates all former Revelations and thus sets a seal on the Unity of Religion, is ISLAM; the Scripture which enshrines it is the HOLY QUR’AN; and the Prophet who brought it is the Leader of Humanity, Hazrat Muhammad (Allah bless him!).Thus all the Prophets of God, from Adam down to Hazrat Noah, Hazrat Abraham, Hazrat Moses and Hazrat Jesus (peace be upon them all), are the Prophets of a Muslim the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him!) being the Last and Final one, and all the Divine Scriptures are the Scriptures of a Muslim, though he follows only the Holy Qur’an because it alone exists in its original purity and it alone contains the religion of Islam which has been followed by all rightly-guided people since the day the first human being came into existence.

(5) Unity of Sexes
Differentiation of functions have misled certain cultures of the world to regard woman as a being who belongs, so to say, to a different and inferior species: and to meet out to her inhuman treatment accordingly. Islam emphatically repudiates that notion and teaches that both man and woman have sprung from the same essence and the same source and consequently possess the same human status. Their functions and interests, instead of being antagonistic, are meant to be mplementary. The natural relation between the sexes, in all its aspects, is therefore, that of love and harmony, without which no true human progress can be possible.

(6) Unity of Classes
Islam aims at the creation of a classless society by eliminating all possible social conflicts (through revolving the different interests).
In the sphere of economics, Islam lays down the principle that wealth should not be allowed to circulate among the wealthy only, and envisages, through its laws and institutions, a "Cooperative Common-wealth of Talents".
In the political sphere, Islam stands for the "Cooperative Commonwealth of the Pursuers of Righteousness".
Taken as a whole, the Islamic state is a "welfare state" where sovereignty belongs to Allah alone and no human being has a right to govern other human beings except in the name of Allah and according to His Will, and where nobody, not even the Head of the State, is above the law. Absolute Justice is the watchword and the Establishment of Righteousness is the goal.
The merits of Islam’s social ethics have elicited praise even from the otherwise hostile critics. For instance:H.G. Wells says: "Islam created a society more free from widespread cruelty and social oppression than any society that had ever been in the world before" (Outline of History, p.325).
H.A.R. Gibb says: "Within the Western world Islam still maintains the balance between exaggerated opposities. Opposed equally to the anarchy of European nationalism and the regimentation of Russian communism, it has not yet succumbed to that obsession with the economic side of life which is characteristic of present-day Russia alike." (Whither Islam? p.378).
Prof. Louis Massignon says: "Islam has the merit of standing for a very equalitarian conception… It occupies an intermediate position between the doctrines of bourgeois capitalism and Bolshevist communism." (Whither Islam? p.378).

(7) Unity of Human Activity
Islam conceives of the human personality as a "unity" and consequently regards the distinction of "secular" and "religious" as unscientific, irrational and absurd. The life of a Muslim, both in its individual and social manifestation, is a life lived for God and God alone.
"Islam," says Dudley Wright, scholar of Comparative Religion, "is no mere creed; it is a life to be lived. In the Qur’an may be found directions for what are sometimes termed the minor details of daily life, but which are not minor when it is considered that life has to be lived for God. The Muslim lives for God alone. The aim of the Muslim is to become God-bound, and to endeavour to advance the knowledge of God in all his undertakings. From the cradle to the grave the true Muslim lives for God and God alone."


(B)RELIGION OF "SUBMISSION TO THE DIVINE WILL"
The word "Islam" means "submission" and, as a religious term, it connotes "submission to the Divine Will and Commands". As such, ISLAM is co-extensive with NATURE. For, everything in Nature submits to the Divine Will without demur. The only exception is man. He has to choose "Islam" through his free will and thus to attain his destiny by falling in line with the rest of God’s Creation.
Goethe, the renowned poet-philosopher of Germany, says:"Naerrisch, dass jeder in seinem Falle Seine besomdere Meinung priest! Whenn Islam Gott ergeben heisst, Im Islam leben und sterben wir alle" viz:"It is lack of understanding that everyone praises own special opinion;(for) Islam means submission to God and in Islam we all live and die."

(C) RELIGION OF NATURE
The above statement brings out, and the Holy Qur’an emphasises in clear terms, that to be a Muslim is to live and grow in accordance with true human nature and in harmony with the Nature around. Islam, thus, means conformity to the Natural Law.

(D) RELIGION OF DISCIPLINE
The concepts of Submission to the Divine Will and Conformity to the Natural Law, when actively realized in human life, give rise to the healthiest form of DISCIPLINE and Islam is the religion of Discipline par excellence.
In his famous book; First and Last Things, H.G. Wells says:
"The aggression, discipline and submission of Muhammadanism makes, I think,… fine and honorable religion for men. Its spirit, if not its formula is abundantly present in our modern world... I have no doubt that in devotion to a virile… Deity and to the service of His Empire of stern Law and Order, efficiently upheld, men have found and will find salvation."The German Orientalist Friedrich Delitzsch admits that the Muslim shows "owing to his religious surrender to the Will of God an exemplary patience under misfortune and he bears up under disastrous accidents with an admirable strength of mind." (Die Welt des Islam, p.28).

(E)RELIGION OF TRUTH
The concept of "Truth" forms the keynote of Islamic ideology and pervades the entire universal order presented by Islam. Not only is "truthfulness" a fundamental value in the elaborate Islamic Moral Code – a value which forms the foundation-stone of Muslim character, but God Himself has been mentioned in the Holy Qur’an as "The Truth", or "the True", the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (God bless him!) as the "Bearer of Truth", the Qur’an itself as "the Truth", and the abode of the righteous after death as the "Seat of Truth".

(F) RELIGION OF TEMPERANCE
Islam is the religion of Purity and Temperance par excellence. It stresses purity not only of the mind and the heart, which certain other religions also stress, but also of the body, its fundamental principle being the harmonious development of human personality. Consequently; it strictly prohibits the use of all drinks and foods which might be unhealthy and injurious to the body, or the mind or both. Thus its prohibitive injunctions cover not only all the intoxicants, e.g., wine, opium, etc., but also those foods which are harmful to healthy human growth. Ultimately, Islamic Temperance covers all evil thoughts, feelings and deeds.

(G)RELIGION OF BEAUTY
Unlike certain religions, Islam is not the religion of contempt for the world, of the negation of any fundamental value. It is positively and definitely a religion of fulfilment – fulfilment of all the faculties and positive capabilities with which God has endowed man. Aesthetic culture, therefore, forms part of Islamic life – of course, governed and controlled by Islam’s moral and spiritual principles. In Islam the concept of "Beauty" permeates the entire human activity – nay, the whole cosmic order, "Allah," says the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (peace be with him!), "is Beautiful and loves what is beautiful." Beauty in thought, words and deed, and beauty in all creative activity is the Islamic ideal.Islam permits the creation of Art, within the limitations of its spiritual and moral framework. But its motto is not "Art for the sake of Art" but "Art for the sake of Life", whereby alone a true blending of spiritual, moral and physical beauty – the rational and harmonious goal of human life – is achievable.

(H) RELIGION OF REASON
Islam regards Reason as man’s distinctive privilege and God’s noble gift, and the Holy Qur’an has repeatedly exhorted mankind to employ Reason in the matters of social and natural phenomena and in understanding its Message and practicing its Guidance, thus giving to "personal judgment," its due place in the life of a Muslim."Intellectual Culture" in general, forms one of the noblest pursuits of human life in Islam and the acquisition and cultivation of knowledge has been made obligatory upon every Muslim man and woman.

(I) RELIGION OF THE NEGATION OF SUPERSTITION
Islam is a positively rational religion and stands opposed to the mystery cults and religions of mysterious dogmas whose acceptance is generally claimed on the basis of blind faith.
Speaking of the negation of superstition and the affirmation of Reason in Islam, Godfrey Higgins says: "No relic, no image, no picture, no mother of God disgrace his (Hazrat Muhammad’s) religion. No such doctrines as the efficacy of faith without works, or that of a death-bed repentance, plenary indulgences, absolution or auricular confession, operate first to corrupt, then to deliver up his followers into the power of a priesthood, which would of course be always more corrupt and more degraded than themselves. No indeed! The adoration of one God, without mother, or mystery, or pretended miracle, and the acknowledgement that he, a man, was sent to preach the duty of offering adoration to the Creator alone, constituted the simple doctrinal part of the religion of the Unitarian of Arabia." (Apology for Hazrat Muhammad).

(J) RELIGION OF ACTION
Islam stands in sharp contrast with those religions which interpret the Salvation of man in terms of the acceptance of certain intricate and inexplicable formula  Simplicity is its watch-word and rationality its lifeblood, and as such it gives to both "Faith" and "Action" their due place. Wherever the Holy Qur’an mentions the problem of human salvation, it bases it on "right belief" as well as "righteous action", emphasizing the former as the ground and the latter as the sequence.

(K) RELIGION OF BALANCED PROGRESS
Islamic life is a life of the attainment of "Falah" which means, "The furrowing out of latent faculties". A Muslim, therefore, has to continuously strive for progress…. a progress controlled by righteousness and illumined by Divine Guidance, a progress grounded in spirituality, a progress balanced and comprehending all aspects of human life: spiritual, mental, moral, aesthetic and physical.Paying tribute to the balanced character of Islam and the progress which it inspires, the famous Orientalist Prof. H. A. R. Gibb says:"Within the Western world, Islam still maintains the balance between exaggerated opposites...For the fullest development of its cultural life, particularly of its spiritual life, Europe cannot do without the forces and capacities which lie within Islamic society." (Whither Islam? p.378).

(L) RELIGION OF SCIENTIFIC QUEST
While other religions may feel shy of science Islam has made the scientific quest a religious obligation. The aims of that quest, however, are not the unbalanced indulgence in physical pleasures and the tyrannisation over fellowbeings, but the advancement in the love of God through progress in the knowledge of His works and the service of humanity through the acquisition of control over the "forces of nature".
Speaking of the role of Islam as the inaugurator of the modern scientific era, Briffault, the reputed scholar of the history of civilisation, says:…although there is not a single aspect of European growth in which the decisive influence of Islamic culture is not traceable, nowhere is it so clear and momentous as in the genesis of that power which constitutes the permanent distinctive force of the modern world and the supreme source of its victory – natural science and the scientific spirit … The debt of our science to that of the Arabs does not consist in startling discoveries of revolutionary theories; science owes a great deal more to Arab culture, it owes its existence. The ancient world was, as we saw, pre-scientific. The Astronomy and Mathematics of the Greeks were a foreign importation never thoroughly acclimatised in Greek culture. The Greeks systematised, generalised and theorised; but the patient ways of investigation, the accumulation of positive knowledge, the minute methods of science, detailed and prolonged observation and experimental inquiry were altogether alien to Greek temperament... What we call science arose in Europe as the result of a new spirit of inquiry, of new methods of investigation, of the method of experiment, observation, measurement, of the development of Mathematics in a form unknown to the Greeks. That spirit and those methods were introduced into the European world by the Arabs… Neither Roger Bacon nor his later namesake has any title to be credited with having introduced the experimental method. Roger Bacon was no more than one of the apostles of Muslim science and method to Christian Europe; and he was never wearied of declaring that knowledge of Arabic and Arab Science was for his contemporaries the only way to true knowledge. Discussions as to who was the originator of the experimental method…are part of the colossal misrepresentation of the origins of European civilisation. The experimental method of the Arabs was by Bacon’s time widespread and eagerly cultivated throughout Europe … Science is the most momentous contribution of Arab civilisation to the modern world….. It was not science only which brought Europe back to life. Other and manifold influences from the civilisation of Islam communicated its first glow to European life. "(Making of Humanity, pp 190-202).H.G. Wells, another great Western authority, had to admit that: "Through the Arabs it was, and not by the Latin route, that the modern world received that gift of light and power (i.e., the Scientific Method)."
Because of its deep-rooted hostility to Islam, implanted during the Middle Ages, the West has been very slow in acknowledging the merits of Islam. Admissions and confessions have, however, been gradually coming forth grudgingly or ungrudgingly. Thus, as we have seen above, it has been admitted that the Muslims gave to the West the Scientific Method as well as the scientific inspiration. But the Muslims themselves received them from the Holy Qur’an. This fact has also been admitted at last. For instance, Stanislas Guyard observes: "In the seventh century of our era, the Old World was in agony. The Arabian conquest infused into it new blood … Hazrat Muhammad gave them (the Arabs) the Qur’an, which was the starting point of new culture. " (Encyclopedia des Sciences Religieuses, Tome IX,p. 501). Challenging the adversaries of Islam and referring to the Holy Qur’an, Dr. A Bertherand says: "Let them read and meditate on this great Book: they will find in it, at every passage, constant attack on idolatry and materialism; they will read that the Prophet incessantly called the attention and the mediation of his people to the splendid marvels, to the mysterious phenomena of creation… those who have followed its counsels have been, as we have described in the course of this study, the creators of a civilisation which is astounding to this day." (Contribution des Arabs auprogres des Sciences Medicales, p. 6).Emmanuel Deutsch oberves: "By the aid of the Qur’an the Arabs…came to Europe to hold up the light to humanity, they alone, while darkness lay around,…to teach philosophy, medicine, astronomy and the golden art of song to the West as to the East, to stand at the cradle of modern science, and to cause us late epigoni for ever to weep over the day when Granada fell."

(M) RELIGION OF THE SANCTITY OF LABOUR
In Islam, all honest labour is sacred and forms the life-blood of human progress. "For man is naught but what he strives for," says the Holy Qur’an, and "the labourer is the beloved of God," says the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (God bless him!). Thus "idleness" is a sin and "industry" is a virtue in Islam.

(N) RELIGION OF THE HIGHEST IDEALISM IN ETHICS
Islam lays the foundation of ethics on "submission to the Divine will" and gives to humanity the ethical ideal of imitating the Divine Attributes, even as we have been exhorted by the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (God bless him!) who says: "Imbue yourselves with Divine Attributes."
"The highest form of religious ethic," observes Sir Richard Gregory, "is that in which the aim of conduct is complete and implicit obedience to what is conceived to be the Will of God …(this obedience) may become a joyous and spontaneous acceptance of a mode of life, such as it is conceived would be consonant with the nature of God, subject to such limitations of the flesh as are ineradicable – the ideal of saintliness. Hence arises the desire for uprightness as end-in-itself; either with a view to reward, if not in this world, in the next, or pursued selflessly for its own sake. This concept of religious ethic has led to the highest idealism in human conduct." (Religion in Science and Civilization, p. 63).

(O) RELIGION OF PEACE AND GOODWILL
The world "Salam", which means "peace", has close root-affinity with the word "Islam". Thus the concept of PEACE forms an integral part of the world ISLAM itself. Indeed, this concept permeates the Islamic religion through and through. For, God, according to the Holy Qur’an, is As-Salam, i.e. (the Source of) peace"; a Muslim’s Salutation, which embodies the ideal of Muslim life, is As-Salam-o -alaikum, i.e., "Peace be unto you"; and the abode of the righteous, towards which the Holy Qur’an invites humanity, is Dar-us-Salam, i.e., "the Abode of Peace".One of the ideals of Muslim life, therefore, is the attainment of peace on all fronts --- peace with self through harmonious self-realisation, peace with fellow creatures through the maintenance of the basic attitude of Goodwill, and peace with God through submission to the Divine Will.

(P) RELIGION OF STRUGGLE (JIHAD)
The Islamic concept of Peace is not, however, utopian, For, Islam is a practical religion par excellence –a religion of Struggle (Jihad) --- and does not, therefore, prescribe any course of action which is unnatural or impracticable. Thus, for instance, in international relations, although basically committed to the promotion of Peace and Goodwill, Islam does allow the participation of Muslims in war when it becomes morally inevitable – when no other course remains open for safeguarding justice, nay, peace itself.The word "Jihad", which has been maligned much by the evil-minded misrepresenters of Islam in connection with the wars of Islamic history, means "struggle" and, according to Islam, it is of two kinds: (1) Struggle for subjugating one’s lower self to the higher self. This is the higher form of "Jihad" and its function is purely spiritual: (2) Struggle for defeating the forces of evil on the collective plane. This is the collective Jihad.The collective Jihad may, again, be either of a peaceful character, namely, propagation of Islam and its establishment in the collective life of the people through preaching and reform, or it may be in the form of war against an aggressor.
The Islamic permission of war is basically for defensive purposes. And not only does Islam rule out all immoral impulses to war but it also lays down a rigid ethics which in its sublimity and humanness surpasses all other ethics of war which humanity has ever known.
Says O. Houdas: " … The Qur’an states: ‘And fight for the cause of God against those who fight against you; but commit not the injustice of attacking them first; verily God loveth not the unjust’ – S.II 190…… Jihad had to be waged to defend Islam against aggression… Once the war was terminated, the Muslims always displayed a great tolerance towards the conquered peoples, leaving them their legislation and religious beliefs." (La Grande Encyclopaedia, Tome 20,p. 1006)."In their wars of conquest," says E. Alexander Powell, "the Muslims exhibited a degree of toleration which put many Christian nations to shame." (The Struggle for Power in Moslem Asia, p. 48).

(Q) RELIGION OF "NO COMPULSION IN CONVERSION"
As regards forcible proselytisation, it has been explicitly banned by Islam with the Qur’anic declaration: "there is no compulsion in matters of faith", and the propaganda that Muslims went out into the world with the sword in one hand and the Qur’an in the other to convert the non-Muslims forcibly is a pure fabrication. Indeed, it is so utterly unfounded that even an enemy of Islam like Rev. Dr. O’Leary had to admit:"History makes it clear that the legend of fanatical Muslims sweeping through the world and forcing Islam at the point of sword upon conquered races, is one of the most absurd myths that the historians have ever repeated". (Islam at the Croos-Roads, page 8).

(R) RELIGION OF BROTHERHOOD
Islam inculcates the love of God’s creation in general and of the human family, in particular. "The best of you is he who is best to God’s family (i.e., humanity)," says the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (God bless him!) Islam regards humanity as ‘one Fraternity inside which it affirms the existence of the "Islamic Brotherhood", wherein all distinctions of caste and tribe, race and colour, language and territory are superseded and obliterated, and which has been allotted the function of acting as the servant of, and the torch-bearer of Divine Guidance for, the larger Human Brotherhood.Side by side with the code of conduct meant to be observed within the circle of Islamic Brotherhood Islam also gives a definite code of Human Love which relates to the dealings of Muslims with the larger human society.
"The brotherhood of Muhammadanism," says Dr. Leither, "is no mere word. All believers are equal and their own high-priest." (Muhammadanism. P.18).
The Dutch Orientalist Snouck Hurgronje observes: "The ideal of a League of Human Races has been approached by Islam more nearly than by any other ideology; for the League of nations founded on Hazrat Muhammad’s religion takes the principle of the equality of all human race so seriously as to put other communities to shame." (Muslim World Today).

(S) RELIGION OF SPIRITUAL DEMOCRAY
In the sphere of worship, Islam stands for the establishment of direct relation between God and human being without the mediation of any priest. Every Muslim man and woman is, therefore, his or her own priest or priestess.
It is wrong to regard the scholars (Ulama) or the leaders (Imams) of congregational prayers in the mosques as priests. Any good Muslim who knows Islam can lead the prayers, while the ‘Ulama’ are simply scholars and experts of Islamic knowledge and merely fulfil a responsibility which rests on the shoulders of the entire Islamic Brotherhood. For, Islam wants every Muslim man and woman to be a scholar of its teachings, unlike, for instance, Hinduism, where those belonging to the caste of Brahmins alone possess this privilege.Rev.W.Wilson Cash, the famous Christian missionary and hostile critic of Islam, had to confess: "Islam endowed its people with a dignity peculiarly its own… Direct access to God makes one of the strong appeals of Islam" (The Expansion of Islam p. 177).

(T) RELIGION OF HUMAN DIGNITY
Problem of Slavery
By emphasizing freedom as the birthright of all human beings, by proclaiming human equality without distinctions of caste, colour or clime, by denying the sin-innate theory and all other theories of the evil origin of mankind by affirming that the progeny of Adam is the noblest creation of God, by raising humanity to the status of the Vicegerency of God on earth, by making imitation of the Divine Attributes the ethical ideal of mankind, and by pointing out the conquest of the universe as the human destiny, Islam has established human dignity on the loftiest pinnacle conceivable.
Humanity was suffering in various ways because of the wrong notions held by pre-Islamic cultures and religions about human dignity, when Islam appeared. Cruelty was being perpetrated in the name of caste, tribe and race, large masses of humanity had been reduced to the status of serfs, and slavery, which had been an age-old institution, was being practiced by various races and peoples of Europe and Asia, including the Arabs, with the sanction of such scriptures as the Bible and without the least moral compunction. Islam raised its masculine voice of protest against all those evils and gave to the world a philosophy and a legislation which has made it the saviour of the downtrodden and the oppressed for all time.
Among the many misconceptions spread about Islam by its enemies, one is that which relates to slavery. For a proper appreciation of the role of Islam in the abolition of slavery, the reader is referred to the present writer’s "Islam and Slavery." Here, in this brief brochure, we might confine ourselves to the brief statement of a fair-minded non-Muslim scholar of the last century, who said: "His (i.e., Hazrat Muhammad’s) law of slavery is, ‘If slaves come to you, you shall’ --- not imprison and then sell by public sale, though no claimant appears, as in the nineteenth century is the law of Christian England in her provinces, but, --- ‘redeem them, and it is forbidden to you to send them forth’ (Qur’an II, p.85). And this was a man standing up in the wilds of Arabia in the seventh century." (Westminster Review no. IX, p. 221).Even the hostile and biased Dutch critic of Islam, Prof. Snouck Hurgronje, had to say: "According to the Muhammadan principle, slavery is an institution destined to disappear."

(U) RELIGION OF RATIONAL SEX MORALITY
Problem of polygamy
The Islamic view of the fundamental equality of sexes has been already stated in the section on "Religion of Unity" and an impartial historical appreciation of the problem proves beyond all doubt that it was "Islam which removed the bondage in which women were held from the very dawn of human history and gave them a social standing and legal rights such as were not granted them in England till many centuries later." (Lady Evelyn Cobbold, in "Pilgrimage to Mecca"). But the widespread propaganda of the enemies of Islam in connection with polygamy necessitates a specific statement in that connection.
In the first instance, polygamy was not invented by Islam, nor was it made in any way obligatory. It had existed in pre-Islamic societies since time immemorial with the sanction of religion and had been practiced even by those who were accepted as holy personages as for instance, we find in the Old Testament. There it was governed by no law whatsoever, and so also it was in the Arabian society at the advent of Islam. What Islam did was to regulate it and to subject it to such severe restrictions as to make it prohibitive except in cases of emergency. Indeed, monogamy has been the ideal and polygamy only an exception in Muslim Society. This fact is fully borne out by the present as well as the past history of the Muslims and has been admitted by all fair-minded critics of Islam. For instance, William Kelly Wright says: "Most Mohammedans in all ages have had only one wife." (Philosophy of Religion, New York, 1935).
Islam is a natural religion and it takes a very serious view of sexual vices and social ills. Consequently, it was very natural for Islam to permit limited and restricted polygamy for the maintenance of social health in all those situations where it is the only natural remedy. For instance, when war alters the natural sex ratio, giving to women preponderance over men, there are only two alternatives, namely, widespread prostitution or polygamy. Islam prefers the latter to the former in the interests of moral health and social wellbeing of womanhood. Similarly, if the first wife is sterile or suffers from any incurable disease, there are only two possible alternatives, namely, either the first wife should be divorced and a fresh wife taken or she may continue in her status undisturbed along with a second wife. The former course would mean distressing, spinsterhood for the first wife while the latter course would provide to her an honourable normal life without temptation to evil. Polygamy can also become a necessity in a medically incurable case of the hypersexed male who, in most cases, would look to more than one woman for the satisfaction of his biological need. In all such cases, the Islamic permission of polygamy with all its responsibilities and restrictions would be a definitely healthier course than the hypocritical adherence to the formal monogamy.
Polyandry (i.e., the marriage of one woman with several husbands) is not permitted in Islam because psychologically it is unsound, sociologically it is impracticable and biologically it is most dangerous for the physical health of the persons concerned. Certain primitive tribes who practice polyandry are infected with the plague of venereal diseases.
Speaking on polygamy, Dr. Annie Besant says: "There is pretended monogamy in the West, but there is really polygamy without responsibility; the ‘mistress’ is cast off when the man is weary of her and sinks gradually to be the ‘woman of the street’, for the first lover has no responsibility for her future, and she is a hundred times worse off than the sheltered wife and mother in the polygamous home. When we see thousands of miserable women who crowed the streets of Western towns during the night, we must surely feel that it does not lie in western mouth to reproach Islam for polygamy. It is better for a woman, happier for a woman, more respectable for a woman, to live in polygamy, united to one man only, with the legitimate child in her arms, and surrounded with respect, than to be seduced, cast out into the streets, perhaps with an illegitimate child outside the pale of law, unsheltered and uncared for, to become the victim of any passer-by, night after night, rendered incapable of motherhood, despised of all."Another critic of Western social order observes: "The law of the state, based upon the dogma of the Church, which makes it a criminal offence for a man to marry more than one wife, by that same provision makes it illegal for millions of women to have husbands or to bear children…It is untrue that monogamy was advocated by Jesus Christ… whether the question is considered socially, ethically or religiously, it can be demonstrated that polygamy is not contrary to the highest standards of civilization. The suggestion offers a practical remedy for the western problem of the destitute and unwanted female: the alternative is continued and increased prostitution, concubinage and distressing spinsterhood" (J.E. Clare Mc.Farlane: Case for Polygamy).

(V) RELIGION OF SALVATION IN THIS LIFE AND THE HEREAFTER
It is the distinctive merit of Islam that it does not concern itself merely with Salvation beyond the grave—salvation in the Hereafter, but also gives full consideration to --- in fact, ensures --- human salvation in this life. For that purpose, it provides comprehensive Guidance which guarantees moral perfection, social progress, economic justice and political health – in short, all that is needed for the practical realisation and attainment of true human happiness in earthly life and all-round harmonious evolution of humanity.Laura Veccia Vaglieri says: "A religion which is not content with being a theory adapted to the aspirations of our human nature, nor with fixing a code of sublime precepts which may or may not be applied, but which also provides a code of life, establishes the fundamental principles of our morality on a systematic and positive base, precisely formulates the duties of man towards himself and towards others by means of rules which are capable of evolution and compatible with the widest intellectual develo-pment, and which gives its laws a Divine sanction, surely deserves our most profound admiration, as its influence is continual and salutary on man." (Apologie de L’ Islamisme, p. 88).

(W) RELIGION WITH AUTHENTIC AND PERFECT DIVINE SCRIPTURE
There are three fundamental merits of the Holy Qur’an, the Scripture of Islam, in which it stands unique among the scriptures of the world. They are: (1) authenticity of its text: (2) perfection of its literary form; (3) rational character, comprehensiveness and profoundness of its guidance. Even a brief discussion of these merits is not possible in the present introductory sketch. They are, however, so well-established that even the non-Muslim western scholars, who are always ready to attack Islam on the slightest pretext had to admit them in forceful words.Commenting on the beauty of form of the Holy Qur’an Paul Casanova remarks: "Whenever Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) was asked a miracle as a proof of the authenticity of his mission, he quoted the composition of the Qur’an and its incomparable excellence as a proof of its Divine origin. And, in fact, even for those who are non-Muslims nothing is more marvelous than its language with such a prehensile plenitude and a grasping sonority that its simple audition ravished with admiration those primitive peoples so fond of eloquence! The ampleness of its syllables with a grandiose cadence and with a remarkable large rhythm have been of much moment in the conversion of the most hostile and the most sceptic." (L’ Enseignement de I’Arabe au College de France, Lecon d’ouverture, April 26, 1909).As regards perfection in matter of guidance and the authenticity of its text, Laura Veccia Vaglieri observes: "But besides the perfection of form and method, the Book is also revealed inimitable by its very substance, for, we read in it, among other things, previsions or future events and of relations of fact accomplished since many centuries or which are generally ignored, and allusions to the most different sciences, religious or profane. On the whole we find in it a collection of wisdom which can be adopted by the most intelligent of men, the greatest of philosophers and the most skillful politicians….. But there is another proof of the Divinity of the Qur’an: it is the fact that it has been preserved intact through the ages since the time of its Revelation till the present day. And so it will always remain, with God’s Will, as long as the universe exists. Read and re-read through out the Muslim world, this book does not rouse in the Faithful any weariness; it rather, through repetition, is found feeling of awe and respect in the one who reads it or listens to it." (Apologie de L’Islamisme, pp.57-59).

(X) RELIGION WITH THE SIMPLEST CREED
The Islamic creed is as simple as the Islamic ideology is profound. Its first fundaments are:
(1) SEVEN ARTICLES OF FAITH
They are: Belief in:
Allah;
Angles;
Divine Scriptures;
Messengers of Allah;
the Hereafter;
the pre-measurement of Good and Evil;
Resurrection after death.

(2) THE "FIVE PILLARS"
They are:
Declaration of faith in the One-ness of God and in the Divine Messengership of Hazrat Muhammad: (Peace be upon him) La ilaha Illallah Muhammadur-Rasulullah;
Obligatory Prayers;
Obligatory Fasts;
Zakat or Poor-tax;
Pilgrimage to Ka’aba at Meccaa by those who possess the means.A Christian critic of Islam makes the following confession: "Islam had the power of peacefully conquering the souls by the simplicity of its theology, the clearness of its dogma and principles, and the definite number of practices which it demands. In contrast to Christianity which has been undergoing continuous transformation since its origin, Islam has remained identical with itself" (Jean Lheureux: Etude sur L’Islamisme, p. 35).For an appreciation of the Seven Articles and the Five Pillars, the reader is referred to "The Principles of Islam" written by His Eminence Muhammad Abdul Aleem Siddiqi and published in the present series. Here it may be noted, however, that these Seven Articles and Five Pillars constitute only the "first fundaments", while the complete ideology of Islam, which shoots off from these fundaments and which is enshrined in the Holy Qur’an and the Prophetic Traditions, is so comprehensive as to cover the entire sweep of necessary guidance on physical, moral, social and spiritual aspects of human life.

(Y) Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him) THE PINNACLE OF HUMAN PERFECTION
A code alone cannot, by its existence as such, inspire mankind to action. Hence to love the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Allah bless him!) above all human being and things of the world, to believe in him as the Most Perfect Embodiment of Human Perfection and as the Absolute Leader and the Last and the Final Prophet (after whom no new prophet of any category, zilli, buruzi, tashri’ee, ghairtashri’ee --- shadowy or real --- is to come), and to follow him as the "Best Example", form the prerequisite of Islamic Belief.This is the theological status of the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (peace be with him) in Islam. As regards his refulgent personality, that would require volumes even to do bare justice to it.
It is said that the best testimony is that which comes from the enemy’s camp. Here, therefore, we might quote a few statements of the Western scholars of Islam.Hazrat Muhammad’s (peace be with him) figure was highly majestic, his complexion and features were extremely handsome, and "he was gifted", says the renowned Orientalist Lane Poole, "with mighty powers of imagination, elevation of mind, delicacy and refinement of feeling. ‘He is more modest than a virgin behind her curtain", it was said of him. He was most indulgent to his inferiors, and would never allow his awkward little page to be scolded whatever he did. ‘Ten years,’ said Anas, his servant, ‘was I about the Prophet and he never said as much as Uff to me.’ He was very affectionate towards his family. One of his boys died on his breast in the smoky house of the nurse, a blacksmith’s wife. He was very fond of children; he would stop them in the streets and pat their little heads. He never struck anyone in his life. The worst expression he ever made use of in conversation was, ‘what has come to him? May his forehead be darkened with mud!’ When asked to curse someone, he replied, ‘I have not been sent to curse but to be a mercy to mankind.’ He visited the sick, followed any bier he met, accepted the invitation of a slave to dinner, mended his own clothes, milked the goats, and waited upon himself, relates summarily another tradition. He never first withdrew his hand out of another man’s palm, and turned not before the other had turned.‘He was the most faithful protector of those he protected, ‘the sweetest and most agreeable in conversation. Those who saw him were suddenly filled with reverence; those who came near him loved him; they who described him would say, ‘I have never seen his like either before or after.’ ‘He was of great taciturnity, but when he spoke it was with emphasis and deliberation and no one could forget what he said."He lived with his views in a row of humble cottages separated from one another by palm branches cemented together with mud. He would kindle the fire, sweep the floor, and milk the goats himself. The little food he had was always shared with those who dropped in to partake of it. Indeed, outside the Prophet’s house was a bench or a gallery on which were always found a number of poor who lived entirely upon his generosity, and were hence called ‘people of the bench’. His ordinary food was dates and water, or barley bread; milk and honey were luxuries of which he was fond but which he rarely allowed himself. The fare of the desert seemed most congenial to him even when he was the sovereign of Arabia…"There is something so tender and womanly, and withal so heroic, about the man that one is in peril of finding the judgement unconsciously blinded by the feeling of reverence and well-nigh love that such a nature inspires. He who, standing alone, braved for years the hatred of his people, is the same who was never the first to withdraw his hand from another’s clasp; the beloved of children who never passed a group of little ones without a smile from his wonderful eyes and a kind word for them, sounding all the kinder in that sweet-toned voice. The frank friendship, the noble generosity, the dauntless courage and hope of the man, all tend to melt criticism into admiration."He was an enthusiast in that noblest sense when enthusiasm becomes the salt of the earth, the one thing that keeps men from rotting whilst they live. Enthusiasm is often used despitefully, because it is jointed to an unworthy cause or falls upon barren ground and bears no fruit. So was it not with Hazrat Muhammad (Peace be with him). He was an enthusiast when enthusiasm was the one thing needed to set the world aflame, and his enthusiasm was noble for a noble cause. He was one of those happy few who have attained the supreme joy of making one great truth their very lifespring. He was the Messenger of the one God, and never to his life’s end did he forget who he was or the message which was the marrow of his being. He brought his tidings with a dignity sprung from the consciousness of his high office together with a most sweet humility." (Speeches and Table-talk of the Prophet Hazrat Muhammad, Introduction’ XXVIII – XXX)."The essential sincerity of Hazrat Muhammad’s (Peace be with him) nature," says Professor Nathaniel Schmidt, "cannot be questioned; and historical criticism that blinks no fact, yields nothing to credulity, weighs every testimony, has no partisan interest, and seeks only the trust, must acknowledge his claim to belong to that order of Prophets who, whatever the nature of their psychical experience may have been, in diverse manners, have admonished, taught, uttered austere and sublime thoughts, laid down principles of nobler than they found, and devoted themselves fearlessly to their high calling, being irresistibly impelled to their ministry be a power within." (The New International Encyclopaedia. Vol. XVI, p. 72).Speaking of the glorious success which attended the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad’s (Peace be with him) mission, Caryle observes: "To the Arab nation Islam was a birth from darkness into light; Arabia first became alive by means of it. A poor, shepherd people, roaming unnoticed in its deserts since the creation of the world; a Hero-Prophet was sent down to them with a word they could believe: see the unnoticed becomes world-notable, the small has grown worldgreat. Within one century afterward Arabia is at Granada on this hand, at Delhi on that, glancing in valuour and splendour and the light of genius, Arabia shines through long ages over a great section of the world. These Arabs, the man Hazrat Muhammad, (Peace be with him) and that one century --- is it not as if a spark had fallen, one spark on what seemed black, unnoticeable sand? But lo ! the sand proves explosive powder, blazes heaven-high from Delhi to Granada!" (Heroes and Hero-Worship: Chappter on "Hero as Prophet").O. Houdas, the French scholar, said half a century ago about the inner vitality of the Holy Prophet’s Message: "Never has a religion developed with parallel rapidity. In less than half a century Islam spread from the banks of the Indus to the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, and, if this movement slowed down, it still persists after fourteen centuries of existence. After having penetrated in India, in China and Malaysia, Islam continues its invading march in the African Continent which will before long become entirely Muslim. Without special missionaries and without resort to the force of arms, the religion of Hazrat Muhammad (Peace be with him) has converted the Black Continent, and it is not without some astonishment to point out the existence in England and America of small white communities which….. have adopted the Islamic doctrines and made efforts to propagate them. This invasion of Europe, hardly visible today, will surely grow." (La Grande Encyclopaedie, Tome 20, article: Islamisme).

(Z) ABSORPTION IN THE LOVE OF GOD THE FINAL GOAL
Cultivation of and absorption in the love of Allah, and the permeation of the heart with the sweet ecstasy of that love, until a person becomes virtually incapable of acting against the Divine Commands, is the final goal, which bestows upon a Muslim "Abiding Life"  a life of Peace, Progress and Perfection.

Collection by M.Ajmal Khan.

METHOD STATEMENT FOR REINFORCE THERMOSETTING RESIN PIPE INSTALLATION..

METHOD OF STATEMENT

FOR ADHESIVE BONDED JOINTS and BUTT and WRAP LAMINATION JOINT OF REINFORCE THERMOSETTING RESIN...

1.0          PURPOSE

This method statement utilize to ensure that the assembly & installation of RTR (Fiberglass) piping work will be carried out safely, efficiently and in accordance with good working practice and as per Project specification. The instruction is intended to give general application guidance and establish controls during the preparation, fabrication, installation, testing and final acceptance of RTR (Fiberglass) piping work.

2.0        SCOPE OF WORK

The scope of this method statement is applicable to Non-Metallic U/G piping installation activities for RTR (Fiberglass) pipes which includes materials storage, handling, transportation, pipe laying & installation, pipe jointing such as Lamination, Taper/Taper adhesive bonded and Key-Lock type, inspection, testing and back filling procedure that to be installed on the Yanbu Export Refinery Project (YERP) EPC-3, Yanbu, KSA.

3.0             REFERENCE, STANDARD AND SPECIFICATION

3.1             Project Engineering Standards & Procedures

SPECIFICATION NO	DOCUMENT TITLE
SAES – A - 004	General Requirements for Pressure Testing
SAES – A - 007	Hydrostatic Testing Fluids and Lay-up Procedures
SAES – B - 017	Fire Water System Design
SAES – B - 067	Safety Identification and Safety Colours
SAES – L - 105	Piping Material Specification

SPECIFICATION NO	DOCUMENT TITLE
SAES – L - 610	Non Metallic Piping
SAES – L - 350	Construction of Plant Piping
SAES – L - 460	Pipeline Crossings Under Roads and Railroads
SAES – S - 070	Installation of Utility Piping Systems

3.2        Industry Standards &Codes

ASME B 31.3           Chemical Plants and Petroleum Refinery Piping

ASTM D 2855         Underground Installation of Fiber Glass (RTRP)

AWWA C 950              Fiber Glass Pressure Pipe

           

3.3Manufacturer Standards & Procedures

        

111-EP3-PU-G9L-9336       Bondstrand Installation, Operation & Maintenance Manual

111-EP3-PU-G9L-9350         Bandstand RTR (Fiberglass) Piping Field Hydro Test Procedure

3.4Piping Material Specification

PIPING CLASS	LINE SERVICE	BASIC MATERIAL
12FE0U2	FIRE WATER (FW)	RTR (Fiberglass)
12FE0U4	FRESH COOLING WATER (CW)	RTR (Fiberglass)
12FE0U6	OILY WATER SEWER (OWS)	RTR (Fiberglass)
12FE0U6	POTENTIALLY CONTAMINATED STORM WATER (PCS)	RTR (Fiberglass)

4.0MANPOWER, TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS

4.1Manpower

            Project Manager                               Piping Superintendent / Supervisor

            Piping Engineer                                Civil Supervisor

            QC Manager / Supervisor                QC Inspector

            Safety Officer / Supervisor              Piping Foreman

            Surveyor                                            Pipe Fitter

            Crane Operator                                 Qualified Laminator

            Rigger                                                            Watchman / Helper

            Scaffold Erector                                Truck Driver

            Bonder                                                           Grinder

4.2       Tools and Equipments

Abrasive Cutting Disc                         Air Blower

Air compressor                                   PPEs (Safety helmet, hand gloves, Protective

clothing, goggles, dust masks, safety shoes, respirator, SCBA)

Air Relief Roller                                   Band clamp with puller rings

Drilling Machine                                  Exhaust fans

Engine Welding Machine                    Flapper-Wheel Sanders (Grit-60)

Grinder                                                Hydrostatic Test Pump / Filling Pump

Hacksaw                                             Paint Brush (4"wide) / Paint Roller

Hammer or Mallet                               Laminators Tool Set

            Slings                                                  Chain Block

            Measuring Tape                                  Power Generator

            Mechanical Pullers                             Tenting (Subject to weather conditions)

            Mobile Crane                                      Rubber Scraper Plate

            Non-Metallic Rope, Tag Line              Resin Mixer

            Pipe Shaving Tools                             Heating Blanket

            Pipe Support                                       Grinding Wheels

            Pipe vice                                             Shackles

            Power Drive                                        Lights (with posts)

            Pumps & Motors                                 Infra-Red Burner or Hot Air Gun

            Trailer Truck                                       Knife, File Abrasive Paper

            Ventilation Equipments                       Wrap-Around

            White Marker                                      Winch

5.0TERMS

            PMT                                                    Project Management Team

            Contractor                                         SAMSUNG Engineering Company Ltd.

            Subcontractor                                               Raymond Saudi Arabia Ltd.

6.0       RESPONSIBILITIES

6.1       Project Manger

Project Manager has the overall responsibility for this Method of Statement and is responsible for supporting it and for ensuring all entitles at the worksite actively participate. He is implementing, administer and provide oversight for the project Safe Work Plan Process.

6.2       Project Supervisor

Ensure the full implementation of this Method of Statement and identifies the requirements and add on resources for the effective accomplishment of the installation of underground piping. Ensure that hazard risk and mitigation measures determined during the project scheduling process are provided to the respective craft supervisory personnel responsible for safely performing the work.

6.3       Piping Superintendent/Supervisor

Ensure full compliance of all piping foreman, pipe fitters and labours regarding the execution of work in accordance with manufacturer’srecommendations and YERP requirements. Secure all necessary work permits. As a responsible Supervisor prior to assigning the work task performers, review any hazard, risk and mitigation and

measures determined during the scheduling process, visit task location, plan the work, analyze the work for any hazards and consider potential safeguards.

6.4       Piping Engineer

Provide technical support to site operation section, provide IFC drawings, specifications, piping test packages, standard and technical specifications. Responsible for PMT review of drawings and data and the resolution of technical work execution problems. Routinely review Safe Work Plan documentation submitted daily by respective Responsible Supervisor(s). Take an active leadership role in Safe Work Plan Process by verifying Responsible Supervisor(s) are properly conducting Safe Work Plan discussion meetings, routinely observe the Safe work Plan discussion meetings, routinely observe the Safe Work Plan Process in the field, activelyparticipate in the Safe Work Plan Process and regularly follow-up with observations of the actual work activity.

6.5       Safety Supervisor/Officer

Check the work area for any unsafe condition. Ensure that all safety requirements have been adequately addressed and the work is carried out safely in accordance with approved YERP Health Safety Environment (HSE) Safety Manual and Procedures. Ensure that material safety data sheets are available at site.

6.6       QC Manager / QC Supervisor

QC Manager is responsible for the implementation of all required quality controlled activities such as test and inspection for this particular job. QCSupervisor is responsible for coordination, carrying out of the inspection and testing details respective to this procedure. QC manager monitors the QC Personnel in their daily functions and conducts reviews of documentation and inspection/verification activities. Ensures adequately qualified and experienced QC Personnel are assigned to inspection duties. Identifies task related hazards and recommends to the Responsible Supervisor the work processes that could be used to ensure safe operation.

6.7       QC Inspector

Monitors daily piping activities and conducts inspections in accordance with the approved Project Quality Control Procedure, associated procedures and specifications. Prepares quality records and final acceptance documentation where required. Maintains close working relationship with PMT/Contractor/Subcontractor/Manufacturer Representative. Identifies task related hazards and recommends to the Responsible Supervisor the work processes that could be used to ensure safe operation.

7.0       SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

7.1       General

7.1.1 The main early preparation and any work shall be completely complied with respect to safety, Job Safety Analysis prior to execution of this particular job.

7.1.2 Necessary permits for all related activities within the construction site shall be obtained prior to the commencement of the job. Confined space permit shall be utilized prior to start of any U/G work activities. The confined space work shall be in accordance with the Confined Space Entry, Project Procedure - 833, and an approved Confined Space Procedure.

7.1.3 Unusual and unexpected acute hazard may be encountered while working inside the pipe, it is therefore required that all personnel who will be involved in this activity shall be oriented with nature of job and the hazards that might be countered. A confined space procedure shall be established as per approved safety plan as briefly outlined in this procedure.

7.1.4 Chemical waste such as resin, catalyst and styrene shall be disposed separately from other waste to prevent contamination of the surroundings as per the Project Procedure - 816, Waste Management and an approved Chemical Disposal Plan.

7.2       Safety Precautions

The chemical components required for butt & wrap joints present certain safety and health hazards if not handled well. Following are the recommendation:

7.2.1 Hazards

7.2.1.1      Resin: Liquid resin contains styrene which is flammable. Its vapours may cause irritation of the eyes, nose and throat. Excessive inhalation may cause dizziness, drowsiness or loss of consciousness.

7.2.1.2      Catalyst: Methyl ethyl ketone per oxide is a strong oxidizing agent and is a fire and explosion hazard. It is irritant to eyes, skin and mucous membranes, and is known as sensitizer. It shall always be stored in original containers & only small quantity shall be taken to the work place as per site activities/ requirement.

7.2.1.3      Solvent: (AP-62 or Methylene chloride) - The principal hazard is a loss of consciousness in case of excessive in halation of vapours. Exposure to high vapour concentration may cause cardiac irregularities.

7.2.2 Precautionary Measures:

7.2.2.1      Internal lamination shall be conducted in adequate ventilation. Workers shall wear dust / vapour mask while mainly working inside the pipe. All crew members shall use protective clothing (Long sleeved shirts, long pants), safety glasses and rubber gloves.

7.2.2.2      Ventilation is a necessity when lamination in confined areas because solvents tend to be heavier than air and migrate to lower levels. The fresh air inlet of the ventilation system shall be located near the top of the confined space, and the discharge should be located near the bottom, positioned to eliminate the dead air spaces.

7.2.2.3      Exhaust fans shall be used for ventilation. Suction side of the exhaust fan shall be kept on the top of the RTR (Fiberglas) branch tops and the discharge should be in the bottom portion of the pipe. Refer Figure - 1 at Safe Work Plan. Supplementary fans may be necessary to ensure good air circulation.

7.2.2.4      Tools should be correctly selected for the purpose, and also operated and maintained according to the manufacturer's instructions.

7.2.2.5      Suitable respirators shall be used if contaminant levels exceed Permissible Exposure Limits. Air-Purifying or Air-Fed respirators complying with an approved standard shall be used if a risk assessment indicates this is necessary. Respirator selection shall be based on the known or anticipated exposure levels, the hazards of the product and the safe working limits of the selected respirator.

7.2.2.6      Extreme care should be used if tools have the ability to create sparks in the presence of flammable vapours. "NO SMOKING" signs in all lamination material storage and working area shall be displayed.

7.2.2.7      Goggles and face shield shall be worn, while grinding to guard against flying particles and where necessary, hearing protection shall be provided to prevent long term hearing loss.

7.2.2.8      Solvent cements for    RTR are made from flammable liquids. These materials shall keep away from all source of ignition. Adequate ventilation shall be provided to reduce fire hazard and to minimize breathing of solvent vapours. Proper PPE shall be used to avoid contact of cement with skin and eyes.

7.3       Waste Disposal

7.3.1          To achieve and maintain environmentally sound practices for sanitation and for conservation of the environment, the Contractor has to monitor waste accumulation and to ensure prompt and correct disposal of the waste materials.

7.3.2          Non-hazardous wastes, hazardous waste and inert construction wastes at project site shall be segregated separately. The Contractor and Subcontractor HSE Personnel shall maintain a waste inventory to keep a record of the types and quantities of waste present at the job sites.

7.3.3          At any case theresin, hardener, solvent or any other chemical shall not be drained onto the ground or buried. Chemicals spills to the ground are to be remediated immediately. Thecontaminated soil along with the chemical spill waste shall be collected in a bin or container in the working area.

7.3.4          Waste materials shall be segregated at source by providing coloured and marked (with universal symbol and signage in Arabic and English) bins / containers the waste as follows:

7.3.4.1              Red     : Hazardous Wastes

7.3.4.2              Green              : Refuse

7.3.4.3              Brown              : Plastics

7.3.4.4              Blue                 : Glass

7.3.5          Sufficient quantities of bins / containers shall be placed for each type of waste at waste collections points, depending on the variety and quality of the wastes             expected from the location. There shall be effective and timely replacement of the    segregated bins and containers to the waste disposal area. Each bin / container shall have a tight sealing lid.

7.3.6      All waste generated on site shall be removed promptly to the central waste                        collection area, which shall be established by the Contractor and approved by                        LUBEREF.

8.0              MATERIALS

8.1              Provision

All RTR(Fiberglass) materials and components such as pipe, fittings, spool assemblies, lamination kits, resin catalyst and chemicals shall be supplied by Contractor in accordance with the specification AWWA C950, SAES-L-610, SAES-L-105 and manufacturer's recommendation.

8.2          Handling

8.2.1         Upon receipt of the RTR (Fiberglass) and other non-metallic materials shall be subjected to visual inspection for any damage during the transport and if there is any defect found, the same should be reported to the Contractor.

8.2.2         If load has shifted or indicates rough treatment, carefully inspection each pipe section for damage. Generally an exterior inspection will be sufficient to detect any damage.

8.2.3         Working tools, scaffolding or any other objects shall be prevented from striking or being dropped on or inside the pipe, fittings or spool assemblies.

8.2.4         Pipes, fittings and spool assemblies shall be lifted and positioned using proper rigging and hoisting practices. Lifting sling angle shall not be more than 45° from vertical.

8.2.5         Lifting sling that will be in direct contact with the pipe, spool assemblies and components shall be made from woven nylon or canvass and shall have minimum of 150 mm (6 inch) wide.

8.2.6         Lifting sling shall not be attached, or allowed to come into contact with nozzles, flanges, gussets or other fittings.

8.2.7         Pipes, fittings and spool assemblies shall be supported for storage on level ground in the original shipping or equivalent.

8.2.8         Loose RTR (Fiberglass) pipe shall be handled by hand or, if the pipe is too heavy, used nylon or cotton spreader slings.

8.2.9         Secure pipes and spool assemblies to prevent damage from wind and other contaminants.

8.2.10       In the storage area of RTR (Fiberglass) pipes and its components shall be visibly marked and barricaded to avoid accidents. Safety precautions must be ensured.

8.3          Storage

8.3.1         It is generally advantageous to store pipes on flat timber to facilitate placing and removal of lifting slings around the pipe.

8.3.2         Racks shall conform to factory shipping packages for each pipe size. Shelves shall be provided for continuous support of the pipe.

8.3.3         If loose pipes are stacked on each other, the stack height shall not exceed 1.5m adequate side support shall be provided to prevent slipping or rolling.

8.3.4         If pipe is stored on racks or bearing boards, the support shall be at least 75mm wide. Supports shall be spaced on 3 meter centers maximum with the first supports 1.5 meter from the end of the pipe.

8.3.5         All supporting surfaces shall be free of sharp objects.

8.3.6         Thermoplastic pipe tubing and fittings shall be stored under cover to avoid unnecessary dirt accumulation and long term exposure to sun light.

8.3.7         Thermoplastic pipe and fitting shall be stored with continuous support in straight, uncrossed bundles. Care should be taken in handling to ensure that unnecessary abuse such as abrasion on concrete or crushing is avoided.

8.3.8         Thermoplastic fittings shall be stored in their original containers. Fittings shall be stored in a building or under a cover that allows free air circulation.

8.3.9         Solvent cement and primer for thermoplastic piping shall be stored in an air-conditioned building with a maximum temperature of 26.7°C.

8.3.10       Gaskets, “O”-rings and locking keys shall be stored flat on racks below 38°Cand out of direct sunlight.

8.3.11       Adhesive for RTR (Fiberglass) piping shall be stored in an enclosure where temperature does not exceed 38°C.

8.3.12       Pipes and fittings shall properly protect from impact, especially on their ends. They shall not throw, bumped, hit or dragged and pushed over abrasive surfaces.

8.3.13       If the pipes are stacked in layers, inverted cradles or its equivalent shall be used on top of the pipe and the support cradles of various layers shall be aligned vertically. Stacking shall follow the requirements of pipe manufacturer.

8.3.14       Adhesive and solvent cement containers shall be tightly closed when not in use and shall be returned to the storage facilities to minimize exposure to excessive temperatures.

8.3.15       Solvent cement and primer for RTR (Fiberglass) piping shall not be stored if no expiration date is clearly marked on the container.

8.3.16       Lamination joint kits, resin, catalyst and chemicals shall be stored in the original packing in a dry place and within temperature and humidity limits recommended by material manufacturer.(Catalyst shall be stored in a cool maintained room(20-25C). Resin & Styrene shall be stored in a shelter/ stored area.)

8.3.17       Lamination joint kit shall be protected from dust, fog, water and other contaminants.  Materials that are damaged, expired, wetand in non-conformance with the material manufacturer and project standards shall not be used.

8.3.18        Resin, catalyst and chemicals shall be stored in the area approved by the safety department. It must be stored outside the working area and firefighting equipment shall be available within its vicinity. "NO SMOKING" or "FLAMABLE" signboards shall be visibly placed in that area.

8.3.19       RTR (Fiberglass) pipes shall have continuous support along its entire length when being transported by either truck or pipe trailer. All sharp edges that could touch the pipe shall be padded with sacks, rubber strips, or other suitable material.

8.3.20       Bearing boards at least 75 mm wide shall be used to protect RTR (Fiberglass) pipe from sharp objects on the truck beds. Rubber tire sections or other suitable material shall be attached to the bearing boards. Support spacing and height limits shall follow Para 10.3.1 to Para 10.3.5. Except that the end of support shall not be 1m from the ends of the pipe.

8.3.21       RTR (Fiberglass) pipe shall be secured with cotton or nylon strap.

8.3.22       Solvent cement primer and adhesive containers shall be protected from direct sunlight.

9.0              ASSEMBLY AND INSTALLATION

9.1              General

9.1.1      Checking drawings (IFC) as per latest revision.

9.1.2          Make sure that all RTR (Fiberglass)pipes, fittings and spool assemblies are free from defects prior to installation.

9.1.3          All safety permits required are obtained and precaution must be established.

9.1.4          The pipe installation shall be in the sequence of CW, PCS, OWS, FW and DW lines respectively.

9.1.5          The RTR (Fiberglass) pipe shall be kept near and parallel to the excavated trench within the minimum safe distance from the top edge of it.

9.1.6          Initially dewatering of the trench shall be done by the civil subcontractor, during installation of RTR (Fiberglass) pipes the dewatering shall be done by the mechanical subcontractor if necessary.

9.1.7          Before installing the pipes in the trench, the bedding's compaction and its testing shall be done.

9.1.8          Pipes shall be lifted by crane using 2 flexible nylon web slings at equal space. The lifting space shall be minimum 150 mm wide.

9.1.9          The elevation of pipe bedding has to be check as per IFC drawing prior to lying down of pipes.

9.1.10       Survey instrument shall be used to make sure that the laid pipes do not deviate from the established line. Pipe elevation shall be maintained in accordance to IFC plan and isometric drawings.

9.1.11       All reference points have to be certified and established for verification.

9.1.12       Pipe line shall be in a straight line both horizontal and perpendicular plane.

9.1.13       Pipes shall properly align and fit up as perfectly as possible. Best effort shall exert to eliminate the lateral offset. The maximum permissible lateral offset is 10 mm.

9.1.14       The curve of each pipe shall be within 10 mm of its theoretical position for line and level at each end.

9.1.15       Installation of scaffolding if necessary shall be done as an access to the joint preparation for fit up and external lamination, or for adhesive bonding of big diameter pipe.

9.1.16       Request and notice for closing of roads if necessary during RTR (Fiberglass) materials lay down and piping installation shall be done by subcontractor and approved by contractor safety department. The routing plan shall be made by the contractor safety department.

9.2          Pipe Laying Preparation and Installation

9.2.1          Ensure that all relevant documents and material have been approved by LUBEREF prior to commencement of the work, and that the latest revisions of IFC drawings, specifications including approved procedure are disseminated to concerned personnel who carry out the work.

9.2.2          Prior to commencing the installation work, any damage such as exterior scratch mark, impact mark, bulges, projections, blisters, indentation, delamination and/or abrupt           curvature of pipes, coupling and flanges shall be inspected visually.

9.2.3          Internal inspection shall also be performed to check for damage of inside surface, such as scratch or impact marks, and to verify drainage of water and removal of foreign materials.

9.2.4          Qualification for RTR (Fiberglass) piping installation personnel shall be trained and         qualified in accordance with RTR (Fiberglass) manufacturer's requirements.

9.2.5          All RTR (Fiberglass) fittings and spool assemblies shall be transferred to the working area nearer to the trench.

9.2.6          All RTR (Fiberglass) materials shall be handled in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation.

9.2.7          Storage of RTR (Fiberglass) materials near the working    area shall also be considered to avoid being contacted with contaminants.

9.2.8          Damage components shall be marked and segregated and should not be brought in the vicinity of the working area.

9.2.9          Trench excavation and bedding details and procedure shall be in accordance withSAES-S-070 Para21 as follows.

9.2.9.1        The depth of the trench shall be dug deep enough to provide a minimum round cover above the top of the pipe, as required in Table 2 ofthis procedure, and a ground bedof at least 150mm in depth below the bottom of the pipe. The width of the trench should be wide enough to allow room for jointing, but in any case not less than shown in Table 1 of this procedure. Piping under road crossing shall be in accordance with the Project ProcedureSAES- L-460, Para 12.

9.2.9.2        The trench bottom shall be continuous, smooth, free of rocks, and to the line and grade shown on the installation drawings. The pipe shall have essentially continuous support and not rest on the joint. For RTR

                 (Fiberglass) piping, the trench contour shall not cause the joint angular deflection or the pipe bending radius to exceed the manufacture's limit.

9.2.9.3        The minimum trench width from the bottom to 300mm above the top of the pipe shall be as shown in Table 1.

TYPE OF PIPE	NOMINAL PIPE SIZE (mm)	MIN. WIDTH OF TRENCH (mm)
RTR (Fiberglass)	250 and under	O.D. + 300
RTR (Fiberglass)	300-600	2 x O.D.
RTR (Fiberglass)	Over 600	O.D. + 600

TABLE 1- TRENCH WIDTH

TYPE OF PIPE	NOMINAL PIPE SIZE AND SERVICE	MINIMUM COVER  (mm)
RTR (Fiberglass)	Under 150mm size	600
RTR (Fiberglass)	150mm and larger	900
Thermoplastic (CPVC)	Pressure pipe above 100mm	900

TABLE – MINIMUM COVER OVER THE TOP OF PIPE

9.3          Installation Activities

9.3.1         After lying the spools, place the sandbags beside of pipes to support from any movement.

9.3.2         These spool assemblies shall be the reference points in the installation of the underground cooling water supply and return lines.

9.3.3         After completing the laying of the initial spools, a dimensional check on the trench shall be done to ensure that the pipe length's measurement is correct including its fitting's location and that no interference from the pipe rack foundation existed.

9.3.4         After the dimensional checking and corrections was made, (if there is any) excavation on the pipe's joint portion shall be made prior to pipe laying works.

9.3.5         This excavated portion on the trench will be the working area of the laminators during jointing of big diameter pipe lamination or adhesive-bonding activity.

9.3.6         A 50-ton crane shall be used in these pipe laying activities in the working place. Therefore the pipes can be lowered only on the vacant or open area.

9.3.7         In this situation, rollers or carts shall be used to facilitate the laying down of the pipes in their respective locations.

9.3.8         Place the rollers or carts on the trench. Make sure that the vertical centre of the pipe and the roller/cart is identical. After checking the position of the rollers/carts, gently place the pipe on it.

9.3.9         Pull the pipe with the use of a chain block or lever block until it reaches the location.

9.3.10       With the use of chain block attached to the steel structure and to the nearest portion of pipe to be lifted, lift the affix portion of the pipe to remove the roller/cart. Use inspected "A" frame, if steel structure is not available.

10.0           ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTION AND PROCEDURE

10.1           Butt-and-Wrap Joint

10.1.1  Ensure that the gap between the two pipes to be laminated is within the allowable limit shown below:

10.1.1.1           2mm for diameter up to 300mm

10.1.1.2           3mm for diameter above 300 mm to 600mm

10.1.1.3           10mm for diameter above 600mm

10.1.2   Grinding the pipe surfaces (internal &external).

10.1.3       Prior to start of lamination work, check the temperature of materials and laminate surface. Temperature shall be within the range of 12°C to 38°C and minimum of 12°C above dew point.

10.1.4   Thoroughly clean the pipe ends that to be jointed.

10.1.5       Mark the plies width to be applied on the pipe joint (total bond width). This marked area to be grinded. Use rotary disc grinder/sander to grind the area. This procedure shall remove the shiny surface of pipe.

10.1.6       An internal lamination shall include groove at the lamination ends. This grooving shall absorb the laminating ply edges into it. These grooving facilitate the product flow without reducing the flow momentum.

10.1.7       The grinding procedure shall be repeated if the prepared surface area is contaminated prior to start of lamination work. Wipe the grind areas with clean solvent/cloth to remove the collected dust and any surface moisture. The solvent must be allowed to evaporate completely.

10.1.8       Align the pipe section as perfectly as possible. In case the gap cannot be avoided it shall be filled with "glass putty" cabosil powder mixed with catalyzed resin as per manufacturer's recommendation. The gap shall be no exceeding 10mm in width all around.

10.1.9       For the diameter 600mm and above, internal lamination is also required.

10.1.10    Each supplied joint kit contains the required number of plies chopped mat and    woven roving according to the manufacturer's specification.

10.1.11    Each layer consists of one or more sections to make up the complete around the           pipe circumference. These sections are pre-cut to a specific length that can be          handled easily. Re-check the applicable layers configuration from the process sheet provided.

10.1.12    The total number of plies is divided into layers with the same number of plies and           that each layer begins and ends with chopped mat plies.

10.1.13    Prepare enough resin for approximately 20 to 30 minutes gel time by adding proper amount of catalyst in the one gallon half cut plastic pot. Mixed the catalyzed resin through mixing tongue to make it homogeneous.

10.1.14    Cover the table with heavy craft paper and spread a thin layer of mixed resin on the      paper over an area large enough to include the largest piece of chopped mat. Lay a piece of chopped mat on the applied layer of resin on the table.

10.1.15    Dip the paint woolly roller into the resin (not very deeply) and apply it in the layer            mat smoothly all over the surface to wet-out well. Lay out a piece of woven roving over the wet mat and apply the paint roller over to it completewet out. (It is noted that the mat plies are always longer than woven roving so short of length in woven   roving shall be distributed equally over the mat.)

10.1.16    Continue building up by alternate mat and roving plies & wetting out each one     before applying the next one. Too many plies may not allow dissipation when the resin is under curing process and could cause blistering.

10.1.17    Apply a coating of catalyzed resin directly on the pipe joint ends through the same paint roller used for wet-out.

10.1.18    Lifts the resin impregnated plies through mixing stick from any corner & place them       at the pipe joint which is already grinded and well cleaned. Make sure that the wet    plies are placed centred& equally distributed on the pipe ends & the first chopped     strand mat lies directly on the pipe.

10.1.19    Roll out the paint roller over the plies to release big air cavities and any excessive           resin. Use steel grooved roller slightly pressed to remove out the air bubbles. The angle of groove roller shall be change time to time in order to remove the air bubbles in all directions. Make sure all bubbles have been taken out prior to start the plies to become hard.

10.1.20    Stop rolling as soon as the resin starts gel. Continue this procedure until all the    sections of the first layer been applied. Make sure that each section overlaps with the other by minimum 5cm.

10.1.21     Allow this lay-up round to cure & cool (until it is comfortable to touch with the barehands) prior to apply of another plies.

10.1.22    Complete the supplied number of plies application with the same procedure.

10.1.23    There could be another alternative to prepare the lay-up in place of on-work below:

10.1.23.1 It is to wet out the plies directly on the pipe joint itself one by one.

10.1.23.2 Spread a thin layer of resin directly on the pipe joint surface.

10.1.23.3 Pleased the chopped mat layer on the pipe joint with equal length both sides.

10.1.23.4 Wet out the layer through point roller.

10.1.23.5 Continue in the same manner as described earlier.

10.1.23.6 When working on the top section internally, a faster curing time is advisable. Increase slight amount of catalyst with a limit so that the bubble out process may end before gelling start.        

10.1.24    For internal lamination, the edges shall be penetrated into the previously made grooves at both side of the lay-up width to maintain smooth flow of the product during operation.

10.1.25    Approved Bonding Procedure Specification (BPS) shall be provided by QC section asper manufacturer qualification record.Manufacturer's standard procedure for all type of joints.

10.2           Cautions

10.2.1   Do not use resin if it is near gel.

10.2.2   Never allow solvent to run on uncured resin.

10.2.3   Each section of the pipe shall be laminated (at least partially) before   another length of pipe is added. This is to avoid excessive deformation   internally with laminated materials.

10.2.4   Provide sunshade to lower the ambient temperature in the joint area. If the ambient temperature is still above the required range, the work  shall be temporarily stopped.

10.2.5   Lamination works shall not be allowed during sand storms and high                         percent of humidity.

10.2.6   Resin shall be tested for gel time and peak exothermic temperature to                    determine and establish its curing characteristics.

10.2.7   Abraded area that is not covered with the overlay shall be coated with                    waxed resin after completion of joint overlays.

10.2.8   In case the lay-up joint is not completed by the end of the day, or the                      lamination process will be continued after several hours, following                            shall be taken.

1.    The shiny surface of the lay-up by minor grinding.

2.    Wipe the grinded area with clean solvent to remove the collected dust&allow the solvent to evaporate.

3.    If top layer of mat removed through grinding, an addition piece of mat shall be placed.

4.    Quality Control Inspection: The applied lamination standard shall be verified through QC Inspection

10.3           Butt-and-Wrap Joint

10.3.1 Dampness: The lay-up   joints   must   be   conducted   in   dry   Conditions.

Any moisture/dampness on the pipe surface or on the lay-up table may lead to a poor bonding of joints. Therefore, precautions must be taken during humid/wet weather. A portable shelter that will cover the pipe jointing area solves the purpose. A portable heat source (high volt bulb) may also require if weather is continuously humid or wet.

10.3.2Hot Weather: The gel time decreases as the atmospheric temperature increases and the gel time becomes very short. It is recommended to maintain the shelter over the pipe with adequate ventilation.

10.3.3 Cold Weather:lf the temperature at site is too cold which may increase the curing time of the applied layers, it is recommended to use the heated shelter. High voltage lamp/hot blowers could be used in the surrounding area, but not directly on the work place.

10.4    Taper/Taper Adhesive Bonded Joint

10.4.1      Only Qualified pipe assemblers shall carry out the work. Bonders shall be certified by the manufacturer, installation of piping as per approved bonding procedurespecification.     

10.4.2      Contaminated pipe surfaces shall be clean prior to machining the pipe ends.

10.4.3      When holding pipe in a vice, use rubber padding or similar material to protect it from damages. Scribe the pipe using a pipe fitter's wrap-around.

10.4.4      Use a hacksaw or an abrasive wheel to cut the pipes.

10.4.5      The pipes ends squareness shall remain within the tolerance. These tolerances can be checked by using the arbor of the pipe shaver which is inserted into the pipe base flush with the cut end of the pipe.

10.4.6      The pipe shall be adequately supported to prevent damage before fitting the arbor inside the pipe. Refer Figure-3. Fix the arbor to the inside of the pipe by turning the central tensioning bolt clockwise.

10.4.7      Adjust the shaver to the required pipe size. Be sure to use the correct Tapper   angle. (Various types of shavers are available for shaving the pipe ends, subject to the pipe size. Use the correct one.)

10.4.8      Shave the taper spigot. Maximum shaving depth / feed is 2mm. Repeat the shaving action until the required spigot diameter / spigot nose thickness is achieved.

10.4.9      Due to possible tolerance spreading the manufacturer recommends to use a nominal sized dummy bell end. This may avoid too long or too short assembly lengths. If the insertion depth in the dummy is too small, the spigot end to be shaved and to be adjusted.

10.4.10    Preparation of the surfaces to be bonded shall be within two (2) hours from assembly and if it lapses, the surface should be re-sanded.

10.4.11    The surface to be sanded shall be clean and dry prior to sanding.

10.4.12    Use 10-12 mm drill motor, 1700-2000 rpm and flapper type sander with 40-60 grit aluminum oxides abrasive.

10.4.13    The surface must have a dull, fresh finish and not a polished look after sanding.

10.4.14    The edges of the spigot shall slightly abrade.

10.4.15    Insertion depth of the spigot in the bell or coupling shall be marked on the pipe.

10.4.16    This marked shall be made to ensure proper alignment and full insertion of the bell and spigot.

10.4.17    Make sure that before mixing the adhesive, all preparations have been done and all parts to be bonded are ready for assembly, because mixed adhesive has a limited pot life subject to the ambient temperature.

10.4.18    Adhesive components shall be mixed until the mixture has a uniform colour and consistency.

10.4.19    Do not use adhesive mixture that begins to produce heat or lumps or gelled masses.

10.4.20    Adhesive shall not extrude into the bore of the pipe to the extent that a significant blockage is created. Extruded adhesive shall not exceed the lesser of 10mm or 5% of the pipe diameter.

10.4.21    If adhesive is not within 21 °C and 38°C range, which will need to warm   or cool it before mixing. The adhesive will not mix and spread well below 21°Cand will set up too fast above 38°C.

10.4.22    Bonding surface temperature shall be kept between 15°C and 40°C. Use shield or cover if the temperature is above 40°C.

10.4.23    All surfaces to be bonded (sanded area) must be completely covered with adhesive, approximately 0.5mm in the bell and 1mm on the spigot. Sufficient adhesive has to be applied on the cylindrical end of the spigot that will be covered by the bell.

10.4.24    When inserting the spigot in the bell pay attention to the marks and position and keep the joint together. Letting the spigot slip back or turning the spigot after complete insertion may result in a bad joint.

10.4.25    The bonded joint shall not be moved, vibrated or otherwise disturbed during curing time. Install the bond clamps on both components keeping sufficient space for the pullers (or winches) when pulling the joint together.

10.4.26    Pipe shall be assembled using mechanical pullers; care shall be taken to prevent the connections from being damaged during this operation. Theapplied tension using mechanical pullers shall be equal at both sides and in sequence to have proper alignment.

10.4.27    During the application of tension, it shall be ensured that there shall be no metal contacts with the RTR (Fiberglass) Pipe. Where required, rubber padding shall be provided as shown in Figure-2. It shall be necessary to set a bridge (piece of wood between puller cables and pipe outside) to simplify placing of the heating blanket.

10.4.28    After completion of bonding, the joint is allowed for ambient curing. Heat assisted curing is required for epoxy adhesive bonded connections, which shall be performed immediately after the adhesive mix is hardened. For the purpose of curing, the heating blanket shall be used.

10.4.29    Open end pipes shall be closed during curing to avoid of cooling down of inside surface of joint by draught. Also wind breaker shall be used when there is high velocity wind.

10.4.30    Only the required size of the heating blanket shall be used in the curing of the adhesive. Do not remove the pullers until the adhesive has fully cured.

10.4.31    If the temperature is below 10°C or the wind has a cooling effect, insulation material shall cover the heating blanket.

10.4.32    Insulation material should overlap the sides of the blanket with at least 100mm and should match to the pipe.

10.4.33    Functioning of the heating blanket shall be checked regularly. Temperature shall always meet the manufacturer's recommendation.

10.4.34    Time (start and end) shall be marked on the pipe to ensure complete curing.

10.4.35    During curing time, the joint shall not be moved, vibrated or otherwise disturbed.

10.4.36    Ends of pipe shall be covered completely to prevent ingress of foreign debris and contaminants.

10.4.37    In special cases, wherever the shaving and bonding a joint is highly difficult, there Butt-and-Wrap lamination type joint shall be considered as per the manufacturer standard.