Pipe and Piping System Used in Heavy Industries..

A piping system is a network of pipes, fittings and valves intended to perform a specific job i.e. to carry or transfer fluids from one equipment to another. The plumbing network supplying water at your home is a common example of a piping system. Other more rigorous examples include steam piping in a power plant, milk piping in a dairy, paint piping in a paint manufacturing plant, oil piping in a refinery, so and so forth.




Components of a Piping System..

The most common components of a piping system are pipes, fittings and valves.

Pipes: Pipes are long cylinders used to carry or transfer fluids. The most common fluids are water, oil, steam, air, milk or finished products like paints, juices. Other uncommon examples include pulp, acids, alkalies, chemicals etc.

Pipe Fittings: Pipe fittings are used to connect lengths of pipes to construct a long piping system; commonly used fittings are flanges, elbows, tees, reducers, expansion bellows etc.

Valves: Valves are used to stop, divert or control fluid flow. Common valve types are gate valves, globe valves, butterfly valves, ball valves, control valves; the selection is based on intended function and application.

In addition, a number of devices like strainers, traps, expansion loops are necessary for keeping the fluid clean and in good condition, and to accommodate expansion/contraction due to temperature variations.

Material for Piping Systems
Piping system may consist of a variety of materials including mild steel, stainless steel, aluminum, brass, copper, glass or plastic. Usually, pipe fittings and valves are made of the same material as the pipe. The material selection as well as pipe sizing depends upon parameters like nature of fluid, pressure, temperature and flow rate. 


Alloy Steel: Steel that has special attributes other than carbon steel. Steel can be considered as an alloy steel blend elements if mangan, silicon, and copper exceed the following: 

Manganese (Mn) = 1.65% 
Silicon (Si) = 0.60% 
Copper (Cu) = 0.60% 

Besides, also added another element in the mix to get a certain amount combine effect in accordance with the limits of alloy steel that has been approved. Elements, among others, blend the following: 

Aliminium (Al), Booron (Br), Chromium (Cr) to 3.99%, Cobalt (Co), Columbium (Cb), Molybdenum (Mo), Nickel (Ni), Titanium (Ti), Tungsten (TS), Vanadium ( Va), Zirconium (Zr). 

Anchor: The type of pipe support (restraint), which does not move the pipe translation (straight) and rotation (round). 

Backing Ring: a ring (ring) is used in welding to prevent the entry of weld spatter to the pipeline and to ensure full penetration weld on the wall in the pipe. 

Base metal: Metal that will weld, cut or disolder. 

Connection Branch: Branch pipe is added to the main pipe with or without the use of fitting. 

Carbon Steel: Steel with specific attributes based on the actual elements carbon (C) it. Blend elements may not exceed the following: mangan (Mn) 1.65% max., Silicon (Si) 0.60% max., Copper (Cu) 0.60% max. 

Cold Bending: The process of bending pipes up to a certain radius which is held in room temperature or with heating under the temperature change or transformation phase. Usually 5X radius elbow is the pipe diameter. 

Companion Flange: Flange for through the flange or valve and fitting with the ends of the flange. 

Deposited Metal: Metal fields have been added in the welding process. 

Header: Pipe or fitting some pipes which branch (branch) connect. 

Hot Bending: The process of bending pipes up to a certain radius of the heating to high temperatures in accordance with the work that summer. 

Hot Taps: The making of a connection pipe branch (branch) that was made during piping system in operating condition. 

Interpass Temperature: minimum or maximum temperatures that are required in the deposited metal Weld before starting to pass on the next multiple-pass welding. 

Piping: The components of piping system used to stream, distribute, mix, separate, issue, measure, control the flow of fluida. 

Piping Components: Elements for a suitable mechanical or through the system so that it becomes a strong piping for pressure fluida. 

Piping System: System piping that through with the design or condition of the same. 

Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT): The process of heat treatment after welding process to remove the remaining voltage that occurred during the welding process. 

Preheating: Heating to the base metal up to a certain temperature before welding started. 

Seamless Pipe: Pipe clamps are made without weld. Pipe manufactured through process pierching billet followed by rolling and / or drawing. 

Stainless Steel: Steel that has a blend of corrosion-resistant nature of the extraordinary. The main element is a blend Nickel (Ni) and Chromium (Cr).

Classification of pipes..

 1,Types of pipes based on the method of making 

a). Seam pipe (pipe with a clamp / connections) 

Electric-resistance welded pipe: Pipe connection has a longitudinal joint which is created by heat from the custody of the pipe flow of electric current in a series of pipes which is a part of it, and with the application pressure. 

Furnace-butt welded pipe: Pipe connection has a longitudinal weld in a mechanical way of through koil that have been established through the device and the heated roll-roll welding. 

Electric fussion welded pipe: Pipe connection has joint which is made in the form of a tube by electric bow welding manually or automatically. Welding can be with or without the metal (filler metal). 

Double submerged arc-welded pipe: Pipe has a longitudinal connections are made at least 2 most fitting and one of them were in the pipeline. Connection made by the fusion heating power bow between the base metal with elektrode. Welding system used is submerged arc welding (SAW). 

Spiral welded pipe: Pipe connection has a helical shape that joint through welding electric resistance, electric fussion, and double-submerged arc welding. 


b). Seamless pipe (no pipe clamp / connections) 

Pipe is produced with the process of piercing of the billet, followed by a rolling or drawing or both. 

2 Length of Pipe 

Based on the general market standard, the length of pipe divided into the following categories: 
a. Single random length: the length of + / - 6 meters (20 feet). 
b. Double random length: Pajang + / - 12 meters (40 feet). 

3 Thickness Pipe 

Thick pipe is generally specified in a "Schedule Number". However, in special cases such as for service at high pressure and temperature, Corrosion allowance rates, with economic considerations in the market and the availability of the thick pipe determined in accordance with the results of the calculation of "Calculated thickness".

Prepared by :M.Ajmal Khan.